| 摘要: |
| 山地作为全球陆地生物多样性保护的核
心和关键区域，目前普遍存在自然保护地空间分
布不够合理、保护效率不高的问题。2000年提
出的系统性保护规划（SCP）理论是应对自然保
护地体系空间效率问题的一种新思路。在厘清
SCP理论产生发展及核心特点的基础上，对山
地区域SCP相关研究的时间及地区、研究对象、
研究内容及热点等方面进行基础性的梳理和评
析。目前基于SCP理论的山地区域自然保护地体
系优化研究总体呈现出研究对象越来越注重大
型、跨境山脉，研究内容深度和广度不断拓展，
程序上更为关注系统性科学研究和利益相关者
参与相结合的发展趋势。 |
| 关键词: 山地生物多样性 系统性保护规划 自
然保护地体系 布局优化 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220301 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目（51708053） |
|
| A Review on the Optimization of Protected Area System in Mountainous Areas Based onthe SCP Theory |
|
PENG Lin,CHEN Ye,ZHAO Zhicong,ZHANG Yin,DU Chunlan
|
| Abstract: |
| Mountain is the core and key area for global terrestrial biodiversity conservation.
The sustainable management of its ecosystem and biodiversity has been regarded as a global
priority. However, the spatial distribution of protected areas in mountainous areas is generally
not reasonable enough, which results in the problem of low conservation efficiency. Traditional
methods applied to optimize the protected area system such as the GAP analysis and the KBA
identification focus on conservation value and benefits while lacking consideration of the
issue of allocation of limited conservation resources. The Systematic Conservation Planning
(SCP) theory proposed in 2000 is a new way of thinking to improve the spatial efficiency of
the protected area system. On the basis of clarifying the development of SCP theory and its
core features, it sorts out and analyzes the time, region, research objects, research contents,
and processes of SCP-related research in mountainous areas. The core features of SCP are
summarized as follows: 1）it aims to achieve comprehensive and sufficient conservation of
species diversity with as few land resources as possible; 2）it comprehensively considers both
conservation benefits and conservation costs to determine the priority of protection resource
allocation in the target area; 3）it provides a multi-round screening calculation method to search
for the minimum cost planning unit collection that can achieve the protection target. Furtherly,
based on searching in the Web of Science core collection database, a total of 88 papers on
optimization of the protected area system in mountainous areas based on SCP theory were
screened. The distribution time span was from 2003 to 2021. In general, SCP-related research
in the field of protected area system optimization in mountainous areas is on the rise, and the
growth rate has increased significantly in recent years, but the overall number of studies is
still relatively small. Current studies are mainly carried out on the regional scale with high
biodiversity conservation value and high complexity, especially in large and transboundary
mountain regions. From the perspective of the research content, firstly, the studies on the
selection of biodiversity Surrogates as indicators reflecting conservation benefits and the
determination of their weights have reached a certain depth and have gradually moved towards
the combination of an expert evaluation system and the adaptive management of continuous
feedback adjustment. Second, the emphasis on socio-economic factors and protection costs has
gradually increased, and preliminary explorations have been carried out on the quantification
of land costs and social costs. Third, the allocation of conservation resources under theintegration of ecosystem service function objectives has gradually become a hot spot of attention, among which adjustment functions such as carbon
sequestration, avalanche prevention, and cooling have received the most attention. Fourth, more and more studies have begun to pay attention to
the impact of climate change on mountain areas to construct a resilient protection network, by simulating habitat distribution in the early stage of
planning and assessing the climate vulnerability of conservation areas to determine priorities in the later stage of planning. Finally, SCP also has
been adjusted in planning techniques and procedures when applied to mountainous areas, with an increasing focus on the combination of systematic
scientific research and stakeholder engagement. However, there are some limitations and shortcomings in the current research as follows: 1) it is
difficult to obtain the actual distribution data of species, the operation is quite complicated and time-consuming, and the accuracy is limited due to
over-reliance on species distribution simulation; 2) the overall and systematic research on large and cross-border mountain ranges is still insufficient,
and the research on many other mountain ranges is still in its infancy; 3) exploratory research on systematic identification, quantification, and
mapping of conservation costs is particularly insufficient; 4) the multi-objective trade-off between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services
needs to be further studied. |
| Key words: Mountain Biodiversity SCP（Systematic Conservation Planning） Protected Area System Layout Optimization |
