| 摘要: |
| 东阳地区传统村落与民居在长期的
发展过程中逐步适应地域气候条件，形成了
以“十三间头”作为典型单元的独特建筑文
化。研究选取六石街道横塘村为例，在文献
史料与现场测绘的基础上，结合软件模拟与
实地测试，从村落规划和民居单体两个层面
分析总结其在适应本土气候方面的空间特征
与构造措施，为现代绿色乡村规划与建筑设
计提供有价值的方法和思路。 |
| 关键词: 气候适应性 村落规划 民居单体 十三间头 东阳地区 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210417 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2017YFC0702505) ；国家自然科
学基金面上项目（51678239） |
|
| Research on the Climate Adaptability of Traditional Villages and Houses: A Case Study ofHengtang Village in Dongyang City |
|
GUO Weihong,WANG Xinyu,ZHANG Guibin,LI Wenwen
|
| Abstract: |
| Chinese traditional villages and dwellings have a long history and a wide range of
distribution. In the long-term development process, affected by the regional environment, climate
characteristics, human history and other factors, they have formed a variety of residential types.
Dongyang City, in the middle of Zhejiang Province, has been the hometown of architecture
since ancient times, with many construction craftsmen and excellent construction skills. The
traditional villages are often composed of “thirteen rooms” as a typical unit, emphasizing the
integration of the village with the surrounding environment and natural scenery. At the same
time, Dongyang is located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with high temperature and
rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter. Measures such as heat protection, rain protection,
moisture protection, ventilation, and wind protection are taken to prevent the indoor temperature
from being too high and humid, which will affect the living environment quality of residents.
Taking Hengtang Village, Liushi Street, a typical traditional village in Jinyang City as an
example, this study restored the layout mode of the village by consulting historical data and field
mapping, and established envi-met calculation model to simulate the wind speed, temperature
and humidity of the important nodes of the village. In this paper, a typical type of three-section
compound residential building, “thirteen rooms”, is selected to establish a Phenix calculation
model to simulate the actual indoor ventilation of traditional residential houses. The wind
speed, temperature and humidity of the village lane and important public space were recorded
by on-site instrument measurements. Based on the measured, simulated and measured data,
this paper discusses the climate adaptability strategy of the traditional construction methods
of Dongyang residential buildings from aspects of the village planning and residential houses.
First of all, through the research and analysis of the location and orientation, roadway and vents,
water system and vegetation of traditional villages, it is found that in the overall planning level,
Dongyang traditional houses pay attention to the optimal location, and use the surrounding
natural environment to improve the microclimate of villages. The overall layout pays attention
to the group optimization effect, and the residential buildings adopt the construction mode of
high-density on the ground floor to form a good mutual shading effect. It also pays attention
to the construction of village node space and roadway space, and uses the enlarged opening of the roadway to introduce the dominant wind in summer. The north-south lanes are narrow and deep, and properly reverse and block the north
wind in winter. In addition, to meeting the spiritual needs, the village landscape also pays attention to the reasonable collocation of water system,
greening, square and other landscape elements to form the temperature and humidity difference as well as strengthen the effect of stack-ventilation.
Then, the spatial form and building materials of the single residential buildings are studied. It is found that in terms of the construction of single
residential houses, Dongyang residential buildings form a vertical space of stack-ventilation through the bright hall and the courtyard to promote
the air circulation. The veranda, open hall and attic are used as thermal buffer space to isolate the heat in summer, so as to achieve good heat
insulation and self-shading effect. Take advantage of the east-west lanes and the veranda around the bright hall to form a cold lane to improve natural
ventilation. The building interface adopts the combination of external solid and internal virtual, and the hollow brick wall and the wood internal wall
are organically combined to form the internal environment with the bright hall as the heat conversion center. In the process of modern residential
buildings, most of them consider to solve the problem of thermal comfort through the thermal control measures of a single building, which can
bring higher energy consumption and not necessarily achieve better thermal comfort effect. The traditional residential buildings in Hengtang
Village pursue systematic climate adaptive design strategy in the aspects of village group planning and individual residential buildings. Through
the comprehensive utilization of space and materials, the optimization effect of group combination is formed, which makes up for the disadvantage
of poor thermal performance of individual materials. Its ecological wisdom and technical strategy are worthy of in-depth study and reference. This
study mainly analyzes the thermal environment in summer. In the future, it can further explore the wind environment, thermal environment, air
tightness of building doors and windows, thermal insulation performance of materials and other issues in transition season and winter, and provide
valuable methods and ideas for modern green rural planning and architectural design. |
| Key words: Climate Adaptability Village Planning Residential Houses Thirteen Rooms Dongyang Area |
