| 摘要: |
| 明清之际的苏州吴中光福一带，先
后建有数十座郊野园林，其中不少被当时的
文人记述过。这些郊野园林的园主多为隐退
的士大夫，他们选择苏州西部的光福结庐营
园，主要源于对此地自然山水的钟爱，寻求
“隐于野”的佳趣。他们探梅、赏雪、登高、
会友、饮酒、品茗、访古、吟咏，其多彩的园
居生活背后蕴含着丰富的社会文化内涵。研
究这些郊野园林，挖掘其历史内涵和文化价
值，可为相关学科提供参考，为地方文化事业
的发展提供学术支持。 |
| 关键词: 明清 郊野园林 苏州光福 园居生
活 隐逸 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210415 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家社科基金重大项目（19ZDA193） |
|
| Nestling Amongst Forest and Lake: Study on the Rural Garden at Guangfu Town ofSuzhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties |
|
LI Xiaofang,CAO Lei
|
| Abstract: |
| During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were dozens of rural gardens at Guangfu
Town of Suzhou, many of which were recorded by the literati at that time. The owners of these
rural gardens were mostly retired literati. They chose to nestle at Guangfu town in the west
of Suzhou. The town is a main scenic part of Taihu Scenic Area with two thousand years of
history. The hills there stretch, which are below 300 meters at the highest elevation, and vast
Taihu Lake surrounds the south to north territory of the town, and all these form the semi-
encirclement terrain, a unique scenery of the lake and the hills adding radiance. These also
provide natural foundational conditions for the construction of rural garden. Most ancient rural
gardens at Guangfu Town were built in three areas of the traffic convenience and beautiful
scenery. One was the surrounding of Xiyan Lake which is the best scenic spots of Guangfu.
The second one was the Wujia Mountain area, and the third one was the lakeside area from
Xiqi Mountain to Tandong Village.
There were a lot of activities centering on the gardens. Firstly, they enjoyed the daily life
in garden, and each space was for different use, such as the hall, pavilion, bedroom, living room,
porch, study and so on. There are less daily chores in the literati’s notes, but the reader still can
guess or feel the pleasure from their descriptions of the rural garden. For example, Gu Tianxu
described his self-sufficient life of Wanxianglin. Secondly, friends visited there sometimes,
communicating, drinking or intoning. Actually, that was very common at that time and was
also a part of literati activities. Recluse Xu Yongzhuang often invited celebrities to visit his
Gengxuezhai in Xiyan Lake in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Many famous scholars were
the frequent guests to his garden, like Wu Kuan, painter Shen Zhou, etc. That going out of
the garden to take a sightsee of the mountain landscape together was another popular literati
activity, for example, climbing mountains, enjoying plum blossom, and writing poems for
these. In fact, the literati of Ming and Qing Dynasties left a lot of words of travel literature, but
few research connected them with garden life. Such as Ge Zhi, a recluse in Wolong Mountain
of Guangfu, usually wandered in woods. The forth one is gathering with many friends. There
were many famous gathering at the rural garden in the history. For example, at the beginning
of February in 1701 of Kangxi Period, Zhu Yizun, the famous scholar of the Qing Dynasty,was invited by Zhang Shijun, the owner of Liufuge to the party at the pavilion in Cha Hill of Guangfu, together with other dozens of people. It
was a typical party in rural garden literati’ living in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The party was well known widely because of the attendance
of Zhu Yizun, the literary leader. Their rich garden life: looking for plum, enjoying snow, climbing mountains, meeting friends, drinking wine,
tasting tea, visiting ancient relics and writing poems, implies rich social and cultural connotations.
The main reason why they built these gardens was that they loved the natural landscape and sought for the pleasure of “reclusion in the
wild”. The owners of rural gardens mentioned in Table 1 were mostly recluses. In the Ming Dynasty, they gave up the official examination,
and did not enter into the official career. The situation of the early Qing Dynasty was different from that of Ming Dynasty. If the Ming
recluses were due to being tired of the career, and choosing to dwell in countryside and pay attention to their own moral uplift, so the early
Qing recluses were with the hate of subjugation, not willing to be officer for Qing government and decided to live reclusion life. So, they were
more than recluses, also adherents of Ming Dynasty as their identity. The most typical examples were Ge Zhi and Xu Fang. Another possible
reason was that it was communicated with Suzhou City by water convenience, with the mountain and the lake adding to each other’s splendor,
which formed the perfect scenery. Thus, there were also many recluses in the history.
With the change of society in modern times, the rural gardens has disappeared, but the sites of these gardens and the spots of literati’s
activities have become an important part of the Suzhou garden culture, which should arouse our attention. The study of these rural gardens
and the exploration of their historical connotation and cultural value can provide reference for relevant disciplines and academic support for
the development of local cultural undertakings. |
| Key words: Ming and Qing Dynasties Rural Garden Guangfu Town of Suzhou Garden Life Reclusion |
