| 摘要: |
| 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情（COVID-19）
的爆发严重影响了人们的生命健康和日常生
活，城市中的人口与生产生活资源等相对集
中，突发公共卫生事件发生时往往损失更
严重。韧性城市能够有效应对突发性灾害风
险，通过一系列干预措施帮助城市从崩溃状
态过渡到自组织循环稳态，并逐渐恢复。在
此背景之下，本文首先梳理了韧性城市的概
念与特征，通过分析韧性城市特征与突发公
共卫生事件应对措施之间的响应关系，探讨
了韧性城市规划应对突发公共卫生事件的适
用性。然后，基于韧性城市规划框架中的脆
弱性分析、城市管治、预防和不确定性导向规划四个方面，结合突发公共卫生事件发展周期，构建了预警、响应和恢复框架。最后，基于框
架提出了应对策略：预警层面，对潜在风险进行评估并构建早期预警系统，做好防灾准备；响应
层面，提出城市应急资源的冗余配置、城市基础设施的多元建设、城市生态环境的多层协作和社
区层级的自组织响应四大规划策略；恢复层面，注重韧性城市规划的重建与修复，强调灾后评
估与反馈，同时提升公众防灾意识。 |
| 关键词: 韧性城市 突发公共卫生事件 风险管理 灾害防控 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210408 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52078160） |
|
| Early Warning, Response and Recovery: Research on Planning Strategies for Respondingto Public Health Emergencies from the Perspective of Urban Resilience |
|
TAN Zhuolin,LU Ming
|
| Abstract: |
| The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has severely
affected people’s lives, health and daily life. The population, production and living
resources in cities are relatively concentrated, and the losses are often more serious when
public health emergencies occur. In addition, due to rapid population growth and disorderly
spread of urban boundaries, urban vulnerability and the probability of secondary disasters
have increased, and the difficulty of post-disaster prevention and recovery has also
increased. Urban resilience can effectively respond to sudden disaster risks, and through
a series of interventions, help cities transition from a collapsed state to a self-organizing
cycle of steady state, and gradually recover. Therefore, it has become increasingly
important to formulate specific prevention and control mechanisms and strategies for
public health emergencies, and to build an urban resilience planning framework oriented
to prevent and control emergencies.
In this context, this article firstly expounds the concept of urban resilience, that is, urban
resilience refers to the urban system that can withstand a lot of changes and self-organize and
adapt to maintain the original function and structure of the city when faced with acute shocks
and chronic pressures. Secondly, the article sorts out the characteristics and meanings of urban
resilience planning, including self-organization, redundancy, diversity, adaptability, synergy,
and interdependence. By analyzing the response relationship between the characteristics of
resilient cities and response measures to public health emergencies, the applicability of urban
resilience planning to respond to public health emergencies is discussed. It is believed that
the characteristics of resilient urban planning can influence and help address public health emergencies. The construction and implementation of various response measures can effectively respond to the incident. Thirdly, the article is
based on the four aspects of vulnerability analysis, urban governance, prevention, and uncertainty-oriented planning in the framework of urban
resilience planning, combined with the four development cycles of the precursor period, outbreak period, treatment period and recovery period
of public health emergencies. Based on the principle of resilient city characteristics, a framework for early warning, response and recovery is
constructed. Finally, the article proposes response strategies for public health emergencies based on the framework of early warning, response
and recovery. At the early warning level, it evaluates potential risks and builds an early warning system to prepare for disaster prevention;
at the response level, it includes the provision of redundant allocation of urban emergency resources, the diversified construction of urban
infrastructure, and the multi-level collaboration of urban ecological environment. The four major planning strategies are for self-organized
response at the community level; at the recovery level, it includes focusing on the reconstruction and restoration of resilient urban planning,
emphasizing post-disaster assessment and feedback, and enhancing public awareness of disaster prevention with a view to constructing a
socialized, instant, informatized, and comprehensive, urban resilience framework for responding to public health emergencies. |
| Key words: Urban Resilience Public Health Emergency Risk Management Disaster Prevention and Control |
