| 摘要: |
| 城市交通与建成环境规划是城市
综合规划的核心内容，在城市的不同发展阶
段，其社会经济条件与主要规划理念、政策
保障之间的匹配度对城市发展产生了持续影
响。在中国城市面临空间增长型向内涵提升
型转变发展的重要时期，进一步审视发达
国家大城市交通与建成环境综合规划在不
同阶段的范式变化（包括主要背景、发展理
念、规划要点、实施效果等），对比中国大城
市发展的阶段性特征，将为中国大城市交通
与建成环境的提质发展提供有益参考。本文
通过梳理中美两国部分大城市交通与建成
环境规划的发展脉络，总结不同阶段的范式
发展特征，结合当前中国大城市空间发展趋
向，为中国大城市交通与建成环境的综合发
展提供借鉴和指导。 |
| 关键词: 交通与建成环境 综合规划 大城市 中美案例 范式 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210405 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（51678259，52178039） |
|
| The Paradigm Expansion and Deepening of the Comprehensive Planning of Transportation &Built Environment in Metropolis: Comparison and Enlightenment of the Sino-American Case |
|
LI Jiamin,ZHANG Biao,GUO Liang
|
| Abstract: |
| Urban transportation & built environment (TBE) planning is the core contents of urban
comprehensive planning, and a kind of planning with transportation infrastructure planning
and configuration as the main design content, and contains the relevant environmental design of
the special planning. As one of the branches of the overall urban design or master plan, and the
matching degree between the social economic conditions such as GDP, the main planning concepts
like smart growth or TOD (transit oriented development) and policy guarantees like government
initiatives of a legal nature and utility, such as land zoning laws and land management regulations
for development zones, it has a continuous impact on urban development at different stages. In the
important period when Chinese cities are facing with the transformation and development of spatial
growth to connotation upgrading, the land development strategy of many cities has changed from
incremental to stock, which not only begins to have the overall spatial boundary control, but also
pays more attention to the harmonious relationships between ecology, production and life, and pays
more attention to the development of social relations in addition to the economic benefits of the
city. Further examining the paradigm changes (including the background, development concept,
planning key points, implementation effect, etc.) in the comprehensive planning of metropolis in
developed countries at different stages, comparing the phased characteristics of the development
of China’s metropolis since 1979, which is the real development period of China, will provide a
useful reference for the qualitative development in future. By combing the development context of
TBE planning in some cities in China and the United States, it is believed that the evolution of TBE
development in large cities in the United States reflects the continuous innovation and development
of the comprehensive planning paradigm under the mutual influence of TBE. It embodies typical
differentiated phase characteristics in planning concepts, technical methods and implementation
guarantees. China’s metropolitan transportation development is a process of constantly learning
from the construction experience of developed countries and combining with its own practice.
With the further advancement of regional integration and transportation system construction, some
large cities have begun to rise from spatial expansion to the level of policy governance. The large
number of traffic flows generated at the regional level require coordinated governance of multiple
cities. A variety of new travel modes put forward new requirements for traffic management. The development of big data has created brand-new technical means for urban traffic governance, which requires multiple parties such as government,
enterprises, and the public to participate in traffic governance. Under the current background of the reform of the space planning system, the spatial
development of China’s large cities embodies the four new trends of people-oriented, regional integration, quality improvement, and diversified values.
The paradigm evolution of comprehensive planning has gone through four stages, the first stage with the construction of road traffic facilities as the
main body, the second stage with the construction of traffic facilities promoted by the development of the built environment as the main body, the mutual
support and guidance of TBE, and the gradual promulgation of traffic management policies is the third stage of the main body, and the fourth stage of
expansion and deepening is supported by big data, characterized by spatial quality improvement, targeted for travel services, and guaranteed by demand
management. In the future, the focus of comprehensive planning will be given to consideration to the demand for renewal of space stock and the multiple
objectives of sustainable development, better practice people-oriented in space, so as to achieve new breakthroughs in space governance by continuously
improving the quality of space. |
| Key words: Transportation & Built Environment (TBE) Comprehensive Planning Metropolis Sino-American Case Paradigm |
