| 摘要: |
| 从民居对地域气候的适应性营建角
度分析黔西南地区的石板房，并以布依族、
苗族与汉族混居的楼纳片区为对象，借助图
解分析、问卷采集、田野调查与SPSS数据等
定量与定性结合的分析方法，系统梳理石板
房民居的气候适应性建构的演变脉络，总结
地区更新现状问题。基于对传统石板房民居
与新民居建造体系演变历程的解读，提炼传
统石板房民居的适候被动性设计策略，明晰
触发其形式建构与空间布局等演变机制的地
域气候与人们的生活方式等因素。同时，从建
筑形式、平面与垂直空间变迁、材料与界面建
构、空间功能与路径四个层面对传统石板房
民居与新民居进行气候适应性建构策略剖
析。研究结论显示，黔西南地区的传统石板房中具有通风降湿与遮阳作用的连续性与内凹空间等气候适应性应答设计智慧日渐式微，弱化
了石板房自身对室内微气候环境的调控作用，此部分建构智慧的继承与当代转译也是建立与优
化黔西南地区城镇更新体系的重要内容。 |
| 关键词: 楼纳村 石板房 气候适应性 被动策略 微气候调控 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210316 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51778401）；国家自然科学基
金青年项目（51608353）；高等学校学科创新引智计划
低碳城市与建筑创新引智基地项目（B13011） |
|
| Research on Evolution and Regeneration of Vernacular Stone Dwellings in QianxinanArea: Taking Louna Village in Xingyi as an Example |
|
ZHANG Zhenzhen,KONG Yuhang
|
| Abstract: |
| The research analyses the regionalism of the stone residential dwellings in
Qianxinan district in China from the perspective of climate-responsive design and there is
facing a large amount of retrofit construction needs now. By using the methods of the field
investigation, questionnaires, data analysis and energy simulations in Grasshopper, the research
collects substantial vital important material information both of stone dwellings and new
ones on site in order to study the traditional eco-construction wisdom to optimize the existing
build system of Louna. The research is conducted in four steps. Firstly, the study introduces
the background why to chooses Louna as the study area and analyses the configuration of the
village morphology, by using long-term field investigations and questionnaires and summaries
the critical problems exist in local regeneration process.
Secondly, the more reading in details of local climate-responsive design wisdom about
traditional stone dwellings on site is unfolded in three aspects. One aspect is that the continuous
spaces interior dwellings could supply better crossing-ventilation, the second aspect is the concave
spaces in dwellings would offer better shield spaces to remit or decrease excess radiation, and
the last aspect is the benefit of the stable physical thermal properties of local nature construction
materials which always play an important thick-heat-buffer layer to remit or block heat exterior
environment. The three aspects mentioned above all have vital influence on the microclimate
environment both interior and exterior of dwellings to promote people`s living thermal comfort
conditions. In conclusion, the passive climatic strategies derived from stone dwellings are superior
to the new ones and they would be measured by physical instruments and simulations to illustrate
their potentials to adjust the microclimate conditions interior. The continuous spaces consisted of
Tunkou, Tangwu and loft spaces interior and courtyards, alleys exterior are all have big potential
to improve people`s thermal comfort condition, which should be inherited and integrated into the modern existing construction systems of local dwellings regeneration process.
Lastly, the research analyses the revolution of dwellings on site to figure out the trigger influential factors during the process by diagraming the
revolution map. The first factor is that the revolution of dwelling forms and new materials are key elements that bring the change. The multi-religion
is the second factor the arouse s the evolution of spatial layouts interior. The fire, ancient and nature gods worship are their main religion activities
happen in interior open spaces where is the biggest room in stone dwellings. One trend is that the interior layouts shift from open and continuous
spaces to relative separated in horizontal level during transformation period. The other trend is that multi-floors space replaces the loft space which
plays the important buffer role in stone ones. Both the two trends mentioned above arouse the decrease of cross- ventilation and have an influence on
thermal comfort interior. The third factor is the need of multi-functional space in people`s modern lifestyle during the regeneration process. The Tangwu
becomes a smaller room to worship multi-gods and the living room is used as the main life space. The revolution of materials during this process is the
last trigger factor which indicates that traditional materials have more stable physical thermal properties and have bigger potential to adjust and improve
residential thermal comfort interior. Given modern energy crisis, stone and wooden material would not be used substantive, how to organize new
materials to achieve better energy sufficient goals would be another important discussion to optimize energy performance of dwellings.
As the conclusion, the study presents that the traditional stone ones have better potential to adjust the microclimate environment conditions which
would be the very vital reference to establish better local design and construction system of modern dwellings in regeneration process in rural area,
especially in the places without positive technologies because of their low economy level. Given modern energy crisis, the places which take Louna as an
example located in moderated area would play an important role in the discussion about how to reduce energy usage without positive technologies in the
view of Architecture ontology. In order to response local climate characters, the vital trigger thing would be figure out the valuable traditional passive
design wisdom and try to integrate them into the existing design and construction system of modern dwellings in local places. The continuous spaces
and multi-concave spaces are vital aspects to organize crossing-ventilation to decrease the high relative humidity and remit radiation heat which would
promote the microclimate environment conditions for inhabitants. This basis study is the fundamental part to establish and perfect the local design and
construction system which be integrated in regional social culture and lifestyles in modern local regeneration process. What`s more, the new system
could response to local climate characteristics, especially for rural areas in China. |
| Key words: Louna Villages Vernacular Stone Dwellings Religiosity Climate-Responsible Design Passive Strategy Regeneration |
