| 摘要: |
| 为了更好落实2030健康中国战略，
建设利于居民健康的城市环境，风景园林学
科需要联合相关学科建立系统性的公共健
康理论实践框架，以提升绿色开放空间的整
体健康供给水平。本文根据疾病负担的伤残
调整年指标统计得出目前中国首要的健康威
胁来自代谢、呼吸两大类慢性疾病；在现有
文献基础上，从提高自然暴露、降低环境污
染、促进健康行为3方面讨论了自然要素影响
健康的主要途径和机制。并针对规划体系的
各个环节，提出从宏观规划尺度、高频使用
场所品质、邻里可步行性、生态修复和安全
隔离4方面建立公共健康基础设施的实施战
略，以指导从宏观系统布局到健康关键性地
段的规划设计。 |
| 关键词: 健康城市 城市绿色开放空间 疾病
负担 公共健康基础设施 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210202 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(51878461) |
|
| Health-Oriented Urban Green Open Space Supply |
|
ZHOU Ke,CHEN Yiyan,CHEN Zheng
|
| Abstract: |
| Over the past 40 years after the reform and opening up, China has grown rapidly
and steadily, people’s living standards have steadily improved, and the average life expectancy
has increased. However, it must also be noted that with the progress of the economy and the
development of urbanization, some negative problems in the urban environment have begun to
appear, and people’s health levels have also been affected as the urban environment deteriorates.
Therefore, while discussing the main health threats and how the environment affects them, we
should focus on how to help solve them through the supply of urban green open space, which is
one of the current focuses of healthy city construction. Urban green space cannot only increase
the natural exposure level in promoting the health of residents, but also reduce environmental
pollution and promote healthy behaviors, and in general a systematic strategic layout of public
health. However, there is still a lack of mature planning indicators and guidance for health,
and further research is needed. And this kind of research may need to consider the degree of
harm or burden from Chinese diseases to urban residents. When planning the supply of public
health infrastructure for health, we must first understand the current main health threats to
Chinese urban residents; then identify the mechanisms by which the natural space in the city
is adapted to alleviate these health threats, and the space to achieve this impact environmental
design requirements; finally, these fragmentary design requirements are translated into the
space planning system, especially the identification of the main public health infrastructure in
the green open space design. Through the analysis of this article, different diseases have certain
differences in distribution, but they also show certain regular regional characteristics. For
example, metabolic diseases have a higher incidence in sparsely populated places, which requires
urban construction. In order to reduce the incidence of metabolic diseases, on the one hand, we
must strengthen the layout of health facilities and urban accessibility in cities, especially in areas
or facilities for first aid and self-rescue in sparsely populated provinces and cities; on the other
hand, we need to improve the walkability level of urban parks, which will reduce motor vehicle
travel. It is very important to increase walkability parks near residential areas so as to promote
physical activity and improve immunity. The distribution of diseases is also related to the green
open space of the city. For example, respiratory diseases can mainly reduce the exposure to
health risks through the planning of the built-up regional green space system, and the use of
vegetation from urban greening to prevent dust, especially in residential areas and industrie It will be valuable to strengthen the dust retention of plants near the pollution source area. Some evergreen trees and shrubs with larger leaves,
such as camphor, magnolia, etc., can be used to effectively retain dust and reduce environmental air pollution in urban activities. At the same time,
strengthening the walkability near the residential area to improve residents’ activity participation and the diversity of facilities to strengthen physical
activity can also effectively prevent diseases. Based on the existing literature, the main ways and mechanisms of natural factors affecting health are
discussed from three aspects: increasing natural exposure, reducing environmental pollution, and promoting healthy behaviors. At the same time,
there are some key points in the public blue-green space. Firstly, the quality of high-frequency used places—the health benefits of natural contact,
emphasizing the outstanding aspects of health benefits. Second, neighborhood walkability—the main part of the street and pedestrian network, to
connect residential areas, high-quality natural spaces and more important public facilities in series, which is also critical to the change of people’s
living habits. Thirdly, ecological restoration and sanitary isolation—the protection of contaminated spaces to enhance the green landscape of the city.
Therefore, it can protect and maintain all kinds of precious natural resources and green infrastructure. Through these four aspects, the implementation
strategy of public health infrastructure is established to guide the planning and design of the macro-system layout on the key areas of health. |
| Key words: Healthy City Urban Green Open Space Disease Burden Public Health Infrastructure |
