| 摘要: |
| 三线建设可以视作我国社会主义早
期城乡建设过程中自我探索的重要组成部
分，其发展演化深刻影响了中西部地区的城
镇化进程，更是城乡遗产的重要组成部分。
文章以鄂西北三线建设为例，研究其区域
与厂矿规划布局特征后发现：基于鄂西北独
特的地缘优势，三线建设厂矿依托铁路形成
“两点一线”的区域格局，无论是在发展建
设还是脱险调迁时期都深刻影响了沿线地
区的城镇空间、经济发展与人口城镇化。基
于“靠山、分散、隐蔽”的原则，三线建设厂
矿布局紧密结合地形，主动适应困难时期的
建设条件，功能上采取“小而全”的独立单元
布局，通过“生产区、生活区、公共服务区”
三个功能板块的交融，组织着社会主义集体
生活的日常。当前三线建设地区遗留的大量低效闲置空间，多面临收缩发展的挑战，文章从遗存价值角度重新审视三线建设的当代价值意
义，从物质和非物质两方面探索其遗存价值，为三线建设地区转型激活提供启示。 |
| 关键词: 三线建设 规划布局 特征解析 遗存价值 鄂西北 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200515 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51778252）；教育部人文
社科青年基金项目（20YJCZH192） |
|
| Analysis on the Planning Layout and Remaining Value of the Third Front Construction inthe Northwest of Hubei Province |
|
XU Liquan,TAN Gangyi,WAN Tao
|
| Abstract: |
| From 1964 to 1980, the CPC Central Committee and Comrade Mao Zedong put
forward the major strategic decision of “third front construction” in order to guard against
the invasion of foreign enemies in the international environment of that year. A total of
205.268 billion yuan was invested in 13 provinces and autonomous regions in the central
and western regions of China, accounting for 39.01% of the national investment in the
same period. More than 4 million technicians, tens of millions of farmers, and over 1,000
enterprises of various types and related supporting facilities have been built in the deep
mountains and valleys in the southwest and northwest of China. Since 1983, the third front
construction has been adjusted and transformed. Many enterprises have moved away from
the original site, leaving a large amount of remains. The third front construction can be
regarded as an important part of the self-exploration in the urban-rural construction of early
socialism in China. Its development and evolution profoundly influenced the urbanization
process of the central and western regions, and it is also an important part of the urban-rural
heritage. Taking third front construction in northwest Hubei province as an example, this
paper researches its regional and factory planning layout, analyzes its residual value from
multiple dimensions, reviews the planning and construction experience in the early stage of
socialism and provides enlightenment for the transformation and development of this region.
First of all, based on the unique geographical advantages of northwest Hubei Province,
third front construction factories and mines form a regional pattern of “two points and one
line” relying on the railway. A large number of third front construction factories and mines
are situated along the railway line, or near or far away from the railway facilities, which
facilitates the flow of personnel and materials and contributes to the production cooperation
among the factories and mines. Finally, Shiyan has become a center of the automobile
manufacturing base and Xiangfan a center of the conventional weapons industry base in
western Hubei. After three five-year plans, Shiyan has become a city with a population of
200,000, while Xiangyang has been further expanded after the relocation. It can be seen that
the urban space, economic development and population urbanization of the areas along the line have been deeply affected both in the period of development and construction and in the period of escape and relocation.
Secondly, based on the principle of “relying on mountains, dispersing and concealment”, the layout of third front construction factories and
mines mostly conforms to the terrain, and the dispersed layout can be classified into four types: “along-ditch tandem type, along-ditch parallel
type, cross-ditch concentrated radiation type and centralized type”. Functionally, it adopts the independent unit layout of “small but complete”,
and organizes the daily life of the socialist collective through the integration of the three functional sections of “production area, living area
and public service area”. It has been more than 50 years since the construction of Third front construction plants and mines was completed. At
present, most of them are facing the challenge of contraction and development, showing three state types of “idle and abandoned, inefficient use,
transformation and renewal”.
Finally, as the relevant achievements of the national strategy and national construction in the early stage of socialism, this paper re-
examines the significance in the contemporary value of third front construction from the perspective of legacy value. On the material level,
third front construction has outstanding representative significance in industrial heritage, urban and rural construction heritage, architectural
landscape heritage and other dimensions. On the non-material level, third front construction is of great significance in terms of spiritual heritage
and construction skills. In the future, through brownfield regeneration, tourism development, ecological compensation, heritage protection and
other modes, the system can be reformed to activate the third front construction remains and provide inspiration for regional transformation and
development. |
| Key words: Third Front Construction Planning Layout Characteristics Analysis Remaining Value Northwest of Hubei Province |
