| 摘要: |
| 居住区是与人接触最密切的人居
环境空间，但车行优先理念指导下的“封闭
社区”模式为城市发展带来困境；存量发展
导向下，城市形态向步行优先转变成为可持
续发展的重要思路。在构建基于马斯洛理论
的步行需求层级基础上，探讨一种全面、便
捷的可步行性环境分析方法。以回龙观住区
为对象，分析内容分为住区规划与街道设计
2个层面，共7类因素，前者侧重客观物质环
境，包括土地利用多样性、道路连通性、日常
服务设施可达性；后者侧重主观步行环境体
验，包括安全性、连续性、舒适性、愉悦性。
方法上，通过测绘、POI下载、问卷等多种手
段获取源数据；借助GIS重点分析日常服务
设施可达性，采用李克特量表获取步行满意度。得到结论：住区规划层面，回龙观土地利用与道路联通特征对步行出行的支撑力度较低；
设施整体可达性良好，但地铁、医院、公园、文化健身设施的可达性差。街道设计层面，整体步
行环境满意度较高，与道路物理设施建设相关的环境因素满意度高于涉及城市管理与设计的环
境因素。两个层面的研究均显示，步行环境在空间上不均衡，表现为西优于东、内优于外。 |
| 关键词: 可步行性 回龙观 大型住区 步行环境 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200513 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51708030）；亚热带
建筑科学国家重点实验室项目（2017ZB09）；
北京林业大学建设世界一流学科和特色发展
引导专项资金资助（2019XKJS0319） |
|
| Using the Walkability Environment Analysis Method to Shape the Basic Unit of WalkableCity: The Case Study from Beijing Huilongguan Residential Area |
|
WU Peiyang,YU Changming
|
| Abstract: |
| Current city planning construction is dominated by motorized transportation and
the transportation by foot faces the unprecedented dilemma. Among it, the residential area
is the human settlement environment space that has closest contact with people. However,
“gated community” mode brings the low efficiency and lack of public space. In order to deal
with this situation, we need to upgrade the proportion to low carbon travel, building up the
living environment which is suitable for people’s lives. Meanwhile, pushing the change from
urban morphology to pedestrian-oriented provides the important thoughts for the new demand
of stock development, and promoting the sustainable development of city. This essay selects
Huilongguan residential area as its research objective, the main reasons are as follows: firstly,
although it belongs to the scope of large-scale residential area, its spatial organization mode
stands out the mode of “residential area” and the insufficiency of walk-ability can concentrate
on the embodiment within area; secondly, the study on large-scale residential area lays emphasis
on the job-living balance on the macro-level of city. There are less studies of paying attention
to the area itself and promoting the residential environment.
Walkability can be explained from object and subject. The object perspective refers to the
support degree of environment to walk on foot; the subject perspective refers to the pacers’
evaluation to the walking experience among the environment. The study on walkability
overseas has developed into a relatively mature testing method, which includes Walk Score
and environment walkability scale; however, these methods of study have strong technique and
complicated operations. The domestic study concentrates on the discussion of the measurement
method for theory and walkability. By means of empirical research, most of them only pay
attention to walkability at macro or micro level, which make the combination of different level
be strengthened. Through constructing the multi-layer and multi-element analyzed framework,it’s expected that it will discuss a kind of convenient and all-round analysis method of walk-ability, which covers the content from macro to micro
level and from objective to subject.
On the research thoughts, this essay constructs the demand level on walking based on hierarchical theory of needs in accordance with
walking characteristics and environment requirements by foot to divide the content of environmental analysis of walk-ability in residential areas
into living planning and street design, which has 7 factors in total. The former pays the emphasis on the support degree of environment to travel
by foot, which includes diversity of land use, path connectivity and daily service facility accessibility; while the latter pays the emphasis on the
pacer’s experience and comments to the environment by foot which include safety, continuity, comfort and pleasure.
On the study method, it obtains the source data by surveying and mapping, download of POI and questionnaire. The residential planning level
analyzes the substantial environment to support walking to obtain the diversified feature of reflecting land use and spatial data of road network
connectivity feature by means of portray and AutoCAD and compare norm and related study for analysis; after that, it mainly analyzes reach-ability of
daily service facility by means of GIS to analyze from facilities quantity and facilities category as a whole and then combines walking tolerance time of
different facilities to make the analysis of classification facilities in accordance with the distance of 300, 600 and 900 meters. The street level analyzes
the pacers’ subjective feelings to walking environment and obtains the walking satisfaction by questionnaire. The questionnaire adopts Likert scale to be
divided into 5 levels of semantics for inquiry, and then obtains the whole satisfaction and partition satisfaction through statistical processing.
The main conclusions are as follows: on the level of residential area planning, Huilongguan land uses have a lower support with road
connectivity characteristics for walking which show the lower proportion in commercial office and public service facilities and other problems,
such as relatively bigger plot scale, and irrational road functional grade and road network structure; the overall accessibility of facilities is good,
however, the accessibility of subway, hospital, park and cultural fitness facilities is poor. On the level of street design, the satisfaction of whole
walking environment is good, among which, the environmental factor satisfaction which is related to road construction of physical facilities
is relatively high, such as road safety facility and lighting facilities; the environmental factor satisfaction which involves in city management
and design, such as trail occupied, architecture and landscape design. The studies on both of levels show that the walking environment of
Huilongguan residential area is not balanced on the space, which shows that west is better than east and inside is better than outside.
Through the analysis of walking environment in Huilongguan residential area, it can provide more clear thoughts for optimization of residential
environment of this area. Specifically, the subway, hospital, park and cultural fitness can be focused on increase in quantity; the eastern region is
emphasized to optimize in layout to solve the problems, such as unbalanced facility and big difference of walking environment. This study has
insufficiency as below: the content lays the emphasis on the environmental factors, however, the scope is not enough; the level can be divided into
subject and object, however, the connectivity is not enough; the method can make the complicated things simple, however, the wholeness is not enough. |
| Key words: Walkability Huilongguan Residential Area Huge Residential Area Walking Environment |
