| 摘要: |
| 20世纪60年代，针对现代主义建筑
与城市规划的局限性，以乔恩·朗为代表的
理论家在设计领域掀起了人本主义浪潮。文
章介绍了乔恩·朗的个人学术经历、核心环境
行为学思想及其理论贡献，并从20世纪设计
实践回顾、环境行为学理论整理以及功能性
环境探索三个方面总结了乔恩·朗的研究特
征和学术价值。其基于行为科学、城市设计
与建筑学等跨学科视角进行的环境行为学理
论研究对环境行为学的学科发展、环境行为
学与城市设计研究的融合以及人本主义思想
的发展传承等均产生了重要影响。 |
| 关键词: 乔恩·朗 环境行为学 建筑学 城
市设计 人本主义 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200511 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52078069） |
|
| The Humanistic Appeal of the Return of “Human Being”: Introduction to Jon Lang’sTheory of Environment-Behavior Research |
|
WAN Rong,LU Feng
|
| Abstract: |
| Jon Lang is an important scholar in the field of environment-behavior research. In
the 1960s, aiming at the limitations of modernist architecture and urban planning, theorists
represented by Jon Lang set off a wave of humanism in the field of design. As a theoretician,
he built a bridge between environmental behavior and urban design. His theoretical research
has been recognized by Jonathan Barnett, Matthew Carmona, Jin Guangjun, Liu Wan, and
other domestic and foreign scholars, which is helpful to expand the research horizon of urban
design and construct people-oriented design theories and methods.
This paper introduces Jon Lang’s personal academic experiences, core environmental
behavior thoughts and theoretical contributions, and summarizes the research characteristics
and academic value of Jon Lang from three aspects: review of 20th century design practices,
theoretical reorganization of environment-behavior research, and functional environment
exploration.
Jon Lang is a retired professor at the University of New South Wales and a head of urban
design at the Environmental Research Group, Philadelphia, USA (ERG). From 1970 to 1990,
Jon Lang taught at the University of Pennsylvania School of design and led the School’s urban
Design program in the 1980s. From 1998 to 2004, Jon Long taught at the Faculty of the Built
Environment at the University of New South Wales, where he served as dean in the early 20th
century, focusing on architecture and urban development and design.
His core environmental behavior thoughts and theoretical contributions including
three aspects. Firstly, he reviews and criticizes the design practice of the 20th century from
four levels: material environment, biological environment, social environment and cultural
environment by citing James Gibson’s classification of environment. It’s found that it implied
an erroneous view that a single level of design of the physical environment was unsufficient
to change society. Therefore, the field of design needs the change of attitude, standpoint
and paradigm, and it is urgent to systematize the theory of environmental behavior to guide
practice. Secondly, based on the research of human behavior process, he summarized and
reviewed the scattered theoretical achievements of the 20th century from the perspective of the
built environment. He does not only pay attention to the basic micro-concepts such as human,
environment and human-environment relationship, but also pays attention to the behavioral
empirical theory from the perspective of macroscopic architectural environment, which belongs to the research work of humanism. Thirdly, he inherited and developed the basic concept of functionalism, which is the core design
thought of modernism, and innovatively reinterpreted traditional mechanical function as a new concept of humanism based on human needs.
Based on the interdisciplinary perspectives of behavioral science, urban design and architecture, his theoretical research on environment-
behavior research has exerted an important influence on the discipline development of environmental behavior, the integration of environmental
behavior and urban design research, and the development and inheritance of humanistic thoughts.
The arrival of the 21st century is accompanied by a diversity of design attitudes. Towards the view of the inadequacy of modernism, there
emerged a variety of thinking in the design field, including postmodernism that advocates eclecticism and anti-rationality, deconstructivism that
responds to context in discrete form, ecologism that pays attention to nature and resources, and high-tech school that advocates new technology,
etc. These different schools of thought use different design patterns to guide practice, and already have exerted certain influence in different
periods and regions. Due to the regional demand for international CARDS or the designer’s habits, in the context of globalization, these practices
are often too “homogeneous”, with little consideration given to the local climatic conditions, lifestyle and aesthetic value, which leads to the
neglect of the interests of daily life in different degrees, which existed a underlying phenomenon here, that is, there is a general lack of rational
thinking, human concern and sufficient evidence in user analysis, case reference and other phases in today’s environmental design practices,
therefore, it is urgent to guide practice by theoretical research with “Human Being” as the core.
In his research on environmental behavior for nearly half a century, Jon Lang has three aspects of attributions. First, he analyzed the defects
of modernism from the perspective of environmental behavior and attributed its “failure” to the lack of understanding of human-environment
theory. Secondly, from the perspective of design practice, he summarizes the theory of environmental behavior with “human nature” as the core.
Third, he developed the traditional functional concept into the functional environment thinking based on Maslow’s human needs and built the
bridge between urban design and environmental behavior. In the era of pluralism and globalization, Jon Lang’s study of environmental behavior
is of great reference significance to the research and construction of urban environment in China. Its theoretical research can better correct the
shortage of humanistic care in the current “top-down” urban planning research and implementation and management mode, and finally improve
the predictability and operability of urban environment design according to the actual needs. |
| Key words: Jon Lang Environment-Behavior Research rchitecture Urban Design Humanism |
