| 摘要: |
| 2020年初爆发的新型冠状病毒肺
炎疫情引发了业界对规划学科发展的讨论与
反思。本文反思在应对疫情过程中暴露出来
的规划短板，结合疫情防控过程中的相关启
示，提出落实城市疫情防控体系规划、倡导
规划战略留白机制、建立空间规划体系中的
“防御单元”、加强新技术与新方法在国土
空间规划中的运用等规划建议，以期从城市
安全与健康的角度为国土空间规划体系的完
善提供支撑，提高城市应急治理能力。 |
| 关键词: 突发公共卫生事件 城市安全防
控 规划留白 防御单元 国土空间规划 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200501 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2019YFD1100700） |
|
| Rethinking of the Development of Urban Planning Disciplines in Response to COVID-19Epidemic |
|
DUAN Jin
|
| Abstract: |
| At the beginning of 2020, the massive outbreak of COVID-19 (Coronavirus
Disease, COVID-19) has triggered a wide discussion and rethink on the development of
urban planning disciplines. This study reflects the weaknesses of urban planning exposed
in response to COVID-19. Combining the successful experiences in the COVID-19 epidemic
prevention and control process, this study suggests that implementing the urban epidemic
prevention and control planning system, advocating planning strategy by leaving blank
mechanism, establishing the defensive unit in the spatial planning, and strengthening the
application of new technologies and methods in spatial planning. This study provides support
for the improvement of the spatial planning system from the perspective of urban safety and
health to improve the ability of urban emergency governance.
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, COVID-19 has been a major public
health emergency with the fastest spread, the widest range of infections, and the most difficulties
to prevention and control. After the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic, although people realized
the importance of urban planning in urban governance, the weaknesses of urban planning were
exposed in response to a public health emergency. Firstly, the current urban safety prevention and
control planning mainly focus on natural and man-made disasters. The spatial planning neglects the
prevention and control planning for public health, and lacks effective response measures. Secondly,
urban medical space has been focused on responding to the needs of daily medical services for a long
time, little attention has been paid to large emergency medical facilities for the prevention and control
of infectious diseases. This indicates that our cities are lacking prospective and resilient planning
in dealing with a public health emergency. Thirdly, the community is the basic unit of urban and
rural space governance. Therefore, community safety is directly related to the safety and quality of
residents’ daily life. During the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic, the implementation of closed-door
governance based on the community has played a critical role in the battle against the COVID-19.
However, the ability of community governance in a public health emergency is still limited.
In the process of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, metropolitan areas are highly
connected with population and economic activities. These areas are also at high risk of epidemic
transmission. In order to realize information sharing, resource sharing, and risk sharing, cities cross-
regional carry out the unified command, unified dispatching, and unified prevention and control from
the perspective of regional cooperation. The implementation of cross-regional collaborative prevention
and control mechanisms is an important measure to control COVID-19 epidemic in metropolitan areas. Intelligent construction technology such as BIM, CIM, and the prefabricated building has greatly improved construction efficiency and accuracy.
The construction of emergency hospitals and facilities are effectively promoted based on this new construction technology. For example, 16 Fangcang
shelter hospitals with 13 000 beds were built in Wuhan within three weeks, it expanded the capacity of emergency medical space in the city. Besides, during
the outbreak of COVID-19, the application of digital technology provided technical support for real-time information confirmation and visual analysis of
COVID-19 close contacts. Digital technology can help the government to take targeted measures to prevent and control COVID-19 epidemic.
In addition, in order to better promote the development of urban planning disciplines, this study suggests that: 1) to effectively implement
the urban epidemic prevention and control planning, and the spatial planning should be comprehensively considered from aspects such as target
concept, spatial layout, technology, and implementation and supervision. 2) The planning strategy of leaving blank should be carried out in the
process of urban development. The mechanism of leaving blank can be implemented from two aspects: one is to determine the land use of leaving
a blank in spatial planning; the other one is to consider the intensive and mixed land use in spatial planning according to the idea of combining
peacetime with wartime. 3) Framing a spatial system to effectively prevent emergencies through the establishment of different levels and scales
of defensive units. 4) Using big data, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing to assist urban planners and policy makers frame more scientific
decision-making in urban space security research.
In general, urban planning is a complex problem. As a comprehensive, multidimensional, and long-term work, urban safety prevention and
control planning still faces severe challenges in the future, especially in the implementation, technology, and organization and management. This
study can provide scientific reference for the healthy and sustainable development of the city. |
| Key words: Emergent Public Health Event Prevention and Control of Urban Safety Leaving Blank Defensive Unit Spatial Planning |
