| 摘要: |
| 恢复性环境健康绩效的相关研究
表明，自然环境和城市建成环境在健康影响
方面存在差异。然而，不同环境空间类型的
恢复性效能差异还未能得到充分研究。通过
实景图片环境模拟，本研究对不同类型的恢
复性环境的效能进行了比较，分析恢复性环
境的空间特征。结果显示，山景、农田、水景
空间的恢复性显著高于其他类型空间，人群
对水景空间的偏好大于绿色空间，空间开敞
度、复杂度与恢复性有显著相关关系。研究
结论揭示了不同的空间类型及其空间特征，可为健康景观的设计实践提供理论支持。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 恢复性环境 心理健康 空间类型 空间特征 图片疗法 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200404 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目面上项目（51978191）；
国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFC0702405） |
|
| Research on Spatial Types and Characteristics of Restorative Environment Based on RealScene Pictures |
|
ZHU Xiaoyue,JIN Kai,YU Yang
|
| Abstract: |
| As the main space of the living environment, the built environment of the city
has a huge impact on the health and well-being of the residents. The health of the city has
also become an important evaluation index for the quality of the urban environment. A
large number of empirical studies have confirmed the positive effects of public spaces with
natural environment characteristics on human health, comparing the differences in health
benefits between natural and artificial environments. And the refined characteristics of
the environment and the impact of elements on human health is gradually focused on.
Due to the diversity of spatial types of restorative environments, there is no research to
fully compare the differences in the restoration efficiency of different types of restorative
environments. The purpose of this study is to answer the two key questions: 1) What are the
differences in recovery effectiveness of different types of restorative environments? 2) What
are the spatial characteristics of a highly restorative performance environment?
In this study, subjective restoration assessment of the real scene pictures was
performed by the environmental simulation of the picture to explore the types and
characteristics of restoration spaces with high restoration potential. Based on the theory
of the restorative environment proposed by Kaplan, first of all, through literature
research, this paper summarizes the spatial types and spatial characteristics of restorative
environments guided by design. Taking a typical restorative environment as the target
spatial type, and three spatial characteristics that affect the restorative effect (objective
spatial characteristics, perceived subjective characteristics and social and cultural
characteristics) as the target spatial characteristics, 200 real scene pictures were selected
out. Then, 50 pictures with good restoration effects were screened out on a basis of the
perceptual restoration evaluation of the selected pictures. Finally, the evaluation data
and the selected pictures were analyzed to explore the types and characteristics of the
environment with good restoration effects.
The results also provide support for the hypothesis: firstly, the natural environment
has more significant restoration potential than urban green spaces with obvious artificial traces. Secondly, the restoration effect of different types of the natural environment is significantly different, and the restoration of
mountain, farmland and waterscape spaces is significantly higher than other types of space. Thirdly, not only green space has a good
recovery effect, but blue space also has good restorative potential. Fourthly, the spatial characteristics of the environment also have an
impact on the restorative effect, and the space with more openness and less complexity has better restorative performance.
The results are consistent with related research. Compared with other types of space, mountain view, farmland, and water view space
can generate the perception of being away from the stress of urban life, and often have the desire to attract people to visual exploration
or participation in physical activities. In addition to green spaces, blue spaces also show significant preferences and potential restorative
efficacy in this assessment, and the health benefits of such spaces should be valued.
This study evaluates the subjective restoration effect of real scene pictures to evaluate the perceived restoration effects of different
types of restorative environments, and found the typical characteristics of restorative environments. The results of the study can be used as
the basis for healthy landscape design, and can also be used to construct a restorative environmental picture database, which can be used as
an environmental stimulus in the field of rehabilitation medicine. As a research tool, restorative environmental simulation based on visual
stimulation can also provide targeted and applicable healing environments for special populations. |
| Key words: Landscape Architecture Restorative Environment Mental Health Spatial Type Spatial Characteristics Photo Therapy |
