| 摘要: |
| 生态修复已经由过去注重单一生境
和单一生态要素的修复，发展到如今关注国
土空间的综合生态修复，国土空间生态修复
已成为恢复生态学及国土空间科学最前沿的
领域和热点。本文讨论了生态修复的概念及
发展趋势，以国土空间生态修复为对象，从
空间尺度、生态演替及功能恢复等方面进行
了国土空间生态修复的理论辨识。针对国土
空间的多尺度、多层次复合生态系统特点，提
出了国土空间生态修复的技术范式，包括多尺
度、跨学科的流域一体化生态修复，多要素、
多时空组合的生命共同体生态修复，自然做
功为主、人工调控为辅的生态修复，重形态结
构、更重功能的生态功能恢复及优化，传统
智慧与现代技术有机融合的新生态工法。以
期对涉及多尺度、多层次的国土空间生态修复
提供基本的科学及技术范式方面的参考。 |
| 关键词: 生态修复 国土空间 理论认知 技
术范式 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200401 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家科技重大专项 (2013ZX07104-004-05)；中央高
校基本科研业务费专项项目(2018CDJCZX 06) |
|
| Ecological Restoration of Territorial Space: Theoretical Cognition and TechnologicalParadigm |
|
YUAN Xingzhong,CHEN Hongfei,HU Yuxing
|
| Abstract: |
| Ecological restoration has developed to the comprehensive ecological restoration of territorial
space from focusing on the restoration of a single habitat or a single ecological element in the past. The
ecological restoration of territorial space has become the frontier field and hot spot of restoration ecology
and territorial space science. In this paper, the concept framework and development trend of ecological
restoration are discussed. The research on ecological restoration has shifted from static research based on
structure and specific ecosystem to dynamic research on multi-scale and multi-level ecological restoration
based on ecological processes. The development trend is to combine theory with practice, that is, to achieve
the healthy and sustainable development of territorial space through multidisciplinary collaboration. For
important ecological areas that have been affected by high-intensity land development and construction,
resource development and utilization, and natural disasters for a long time and been seriously degraded
and the supply of ecological products has continued to decline, the ecological restoration of territorial space
is through the adjustment and optimization of the spatial structure of land elements and restoration and
reconstruction of ecological functions, the implementation of restoration engineering measures suitable for
the characteristics of the local ecological environment and sustainable development, and the reconstruction
of a sustainable ecosystem. The ecological restoration of territorial space is based on the concept of “life
community”, guided by the theory of ecological restoration, and aims to achieve the optimization of the
territorial space pattern, the stability of the ecosystem, and the improvement of ecosystem functions. The
ecological restoration of territorial space has the characteristics of large scale, strong regionality, many
types of engineering, complex technology, long time for restoration and significant comprehensive benefits.
Therefore, innovative ecological restoration technology is needed.
It is urgent to establish technical system and relevant standards of territorial space ecological
restoration, to develop new materials and equipment for restoration, and to strengthen the construction of
scientific research platform for technological innovation of territorial space ecological restoration. This
paper takes the ecological restoration of territorial space as the object, and the theoretical identification
of ecological restoration is carried out from the aspects of spatial scale, ecological succession and
functional recovery. This paper puts forward the technological paradigm of territorial space ecological
restoration, including: 1) multi-scale, interdisciplinary integrated ecological restoration of watershed.
Based on multi-scale and interdisciplinary principles, from the perspective of ecological structure
and functional integrity, ecological restoration should be carried out in watershed territorial spaces of
different scales and levels to achieve a combination of scale conversion and comprehensive restoration.
Integrated ecological restoration of the watershed is achieved through the interaction of physical
and chemical processes, hydrological processes, geomorphic processes, and biological processes. 2) Ecological restoration of life community with multi-elements and multi-temporal and spatial combination. The various elements of the territorial space are
closely united into a life community through the surface ecological process. In the ecological restoration of territorial space, coordinating all the territorial space
elements is needed to achieve the purpose of restoring the continuity of the spatial structure and the ecological functions. 3) Ecological restoration mainly based
on natural self-design, supplemented by artificial regulation and control. Emphasizing the restoration of the structure and function of the ecosystem by using
the resilience of the natural ecosystem is of great significance. For ecosystems that are severely degraded and can hardly be restored by the resilience of itself,
appropriate artificial measures can be taken to promote the ability of natural self-design. 4) Ecological function restoration and optimization with emphasis
on morphological structure but more on functions. With the deepening of our understanding of ecosystem structure, function and process, we understand
that the goal of territorial space ecological restoration is to comprehensively optimize and improve its ecosystem services. 5) A new ecological engineering
method combining traditional wisdom with modern technology. In the context of the ever-changing global environment and the frequent occurrence of extreme
disasters, the ecological restoration of territorial space requires the combination of traditional ecological wisdom with modern ecological science and ecological
engineering technology. Traditional ecological wisdom gives enlightenment to the ecological restoration of territorial space, while modern ecological science
and technology make the methods and materials of ecological restoration more feasible and adaptable. At the same time, it encourages and needs to rely on the
long-term participation of the indigenous people to make ecological wisdom and ecological processes promote each other. Ecological restoration of territorial
space requires the participation of multiple stakeholders and groups with more comprehensive experience, knowledge background and cultural perspective. For
the multi-scale and multi-level ecological restoration of territorial space, this paper can provide basic scientific reference and technical paradigm. |
| Key words: Ecological Restoration Territorial Space Theoretical Cognition Technological Paradigm |
