| 摘要: |
| 近年来快速城镇化过程中，西北乡
村建设与地域文化发展出现了种种问题。
在乡村振兴战略的背景下，如何在复杂的城
乡系统中找到合适的切入点打通症结，解决
文化、空间、生态多系统的“乡村病”值得深
思。本文针对乡村发展的现实问题，以当地
普遍建设的生土建筑为切入点，以生态宜居
建设与地域文化传承为目标，提出一系列相
关保护与更新策略，并以定西市通渭县为例
探讨。策略包括在提炼当地传统民居生态特
性的基础上，以工程技术手段优化生土建筑
的材料性能与建筑结构，扩大生态与社会可
持续效益；凝练生土建筑文化特性为设计建
设基础，以技术研究、绿色教育与艺术活动
激活文化内生动力，并完善法规规范支持地
域文化传承。实现将生土建筑发展成果有策
略地整合，为西北乡村振兴实践提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 生土建筑 乡村振兴 生态宜居建
设 地域文化传承 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200110 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助（2016YFC0700200） |
|
| Strategies of Protection and Renewal of Earth Construction in Longzhong Area in the Context of Rural Revitalization：A Case Study of Tongwei, Gansu Province |
|
MIN Rui,SUN Tongyu
|
| Abstract: |
| In recent years, problems have arisen in rural construction and cultural
development in Northwest China with the rapid urbanization. There is a tradition of
constructing earth buildings in Northwest China, where earth construction is still
common in rural areas. However, villagers influenced by urban culture regard raw earth
construction as a symbol of poverty and thus admire residence in fancy modern style. Poordesigned buildings trying to imitate the city residence forms spread in villages and towns,
and consequently the disorder of the built environment has also aggravated the decline
of regional culture. The strategy of rural revitalization and the general requirements of it
are put forward in the report of the 19th Communist Party of China National Congress.
Within the context of rural revitalization, how to find suitable solutions for the urbanrural complex to solve the "rural disease" of multi-systems consisted of culture, space
and ecology promoting the sustainable development of both urban and rural areas has
aroused new attention. Earth construction has both cultural and ecological characteristics,
and may become a breakthrough point to solve these problems. At present, the domestic
research on raw earth architecture mainly focuses on four aspects: the first is the
investigation and analysis of the current situation of raw earth architecture in terms of
spatial forms and construction modes, focusing on the study of regional architectural
types and characteristics; the second is the exploration of new-type earth architecture
design, focusing on the application of new technologies and forms in the practice of
modern raw earth buildings; the third is research on technical improvement aiming
at the defects of poor seismic and waterproofing performance of raw earth materials,
focusing on the technical means of improving mechanical properties, such as material
modification and structure reinforcement; the fourth is the review and case study of raw
earth culture, education, laws and regulations, focusing on the research and promotion of
raw earth architecture. Current research provides theoretical assistance and technology
for the development of earth construction, but it often focuses on architecture itself or a
subdivision (such as materials, forms, etc.) and lacks macro-thinking on the rural areas
where earth construction is widely distributed. How to transform the theoretical research
achievements of earth construction into the real motive force to solve rural problems is still a blank in the current research, but there is no doubt about the value of it. In the context of rural revitalization, aiming at the practical
problems of rural development, through field research, literature review, case studies and other methods to extract the advantages of local
traditional dwellings, drawing lessons from advanced technology and educational experience at home and abroad, this paper puts forward
the strategies of eco-livable development and regional cultural inheritance in Northwest China with earth construction as the breakthrough
point, and takes Tongwei County, Dingxi, as an example to demonstrate how to work it under the guidance of this framework. Strategies
are recommended including to extract the ecological characteristics of local traditional dwellings, to optimize earth material performances
and building structure by means of engineering technologies and therefore maximizing the benefits of ecological and social sustainability.
In order to promote regional culture, it is suggested that the cultural characteristics of earth dwellings could be condensed as the basis
of design and construction, and inserting technological research, green education and artistic activities into rural areas can activate the
endogenous power of native culture, and proper systems of laws and regulations can support culture development. It is hoped that these
strategies can help not only inherit the ecological and cultural characteristics of traditional earth construction, but also construct stable
and beautiful residential buildings with new technologies, inherit and innovate regional culture in a new way, and thus meet the pursuit of
livability and sustainability. |
| Key words: Earth Construction Rural Revitalization Eco-Livable Development Regional Cultural Inheritance |
