| 摘要: |
| 2019年5月9日，《中共中央国务院关
于建立国土空间规划体系并监督实施的若干
意见》的发布标志着国土空间规划成为新时
期国家空间发展的指南。其中，划定生态保护
红线、永久基本农田、城镇开发边界等“三
线”是国土空间规划的核心内容。城镇开发边
界作为国土空间规划中指导和约束城镇发展
的区域边界线，在城镇实际建设中承担底线控制和引导发展的双重作用。我国的城镇开发边界划定思路总体采用底线思维，对于城市设计思
维的考量尚缺乏系统性的研究探讨。本文从城市设计思维出发，结合广州市国土空间总体规划的
编制工作，对城镇开发边界划定过程中的格局识别、方案划定、边界修正等步骤提出城镇开发边
界“修订”方法，并建议在生态斑块和空间单元视角下丰富城镇开发边界规整工作。 |
| 关键词: 城镇开发边界 城市设计 国土空间规划 广州 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200103 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:自然资源部课题“城镇开发边界管控和城镇建设
用地分类标准”支撑项目 |
|
| Studies on Revision Method of Urban Growth Boundary Under Urban Design Ideation: Taking Guangzhou as an Example |
|
ZHU Jiang,CAO Di,REN Siru,JIANG Hao,GUAN Zhong,CHEN Guiliang
|
| Abstract: |
| On May 9th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State
Council promulgated the Opinions on Establishing the Territorial and Spatial Planning System
and Related Implementation Supervision, which marked that the territorial and spatial planning
has become a guide for national space development in the New Era. Among them, the ecological
protection redlines, permanent prime farmland and urban growth boundary which known as
the “Three Lines”, have become core contents of current territorial and spatial planning. The
urban growth boundary serves as the regional boundary line for guiding and restraining urban
growth in the national land planning, which plays a dual role of bottom line control and guiding
development in the practical construction of urban areas. China’s urban growth boundary
delineation ideas generally adopt the bottom line thought, in lack of systematic research on the
consideration of urban design ideation. Based on urban design thinking, and combined with the
results of Guangzhou’s urban growth boundary stage and overall urban design-related research,
this paper proposes a “revision” method for urban growth boundaries in the steps of pattern
recognition, plan delineation, boundary correction in the process of urban growth boundary
delineation. And it is also suggested to enrich the urban growth boundary regulation from the
perspective of ecological patches and spatial units.
This paper mainly studies from two aspects. Firstly, it analyzes the current methods and
problems of urban development boundary delimitation. The concept of urban growth boundary
originates from Howard’s book “Tomorrow, the Road to Peace for Reform”. In 1955, the Green
Belt plan of London became the rudiment of urban growth boundary. The United States took
the lead in using urban land management policy tools to push forward urban growth boundaries
and to curb urban sprawl. China’s first request from the government level for delimitation of
urban growth boundary originated from the 2013 Central Urbanization Working Conference. In 2014, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Land and Resources jointly selected 14 pilot cities, including
Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou etc., to explore delimitation work for urban growth boundary. In addition, the academic community has also
carried out a wealth of researches on urban growth boundary. At present, the research direction of urban growth boundary includes resource and
environment carrying capacity, suitability evaluation of land and space development, as well as theoretical research and practical exploration of
urban growth driven. There are great differences in indicators and technical methods among different delimitation methods, but it has become a
basic consensus to delimit from two aspects of urban development restrictive factors and demand factors.
Although a relatively scientific calculation method and theoretical system have been formed, there are still several problems in the current
process of delimiting urban growth boundary: lack of recognition of natural landscape pattern and urban development pattern from an overall
perspective; lack of response to the improvement of living environment quality; lack of overall consideration of the overall features and landscape
pattern of the town.
Due to the flaw of the existing methods, the calculated urban growth boundary tends to be broken, resulting in the effects of overall pattern
of urban fragmentation and other negative effects.
Secondly, how to “revise” the technical method of delimiting urban growth boundary from the perspective of urban design? Combined with
the work of delimitation of urban growth boundary in Guangzhou, this paper explores the relevant exploration from three aspects: guiding the
rational layout of the boundary, reserving elastic space and optimizing the adjustment of the boundary.
1) Comprehensively consider the natural landscape pattern of the city. Translate the natural factors as mountain and water into the calculation
parameters in the urban growth simulation model. Integrating and optimizing the broken patches from the perspective of pattern integrity, so as to
obligate important ecological corridors and protect landscape pattern.
2) Increase the consideration of factors such as the historical characteristics and the ecological ventilation. In the process of delineating the
boundary, integrating the historic urban landscapes into delineation methods can effectively protect the continuity of urban historical context. It
is also necessary to optimize the urban growth boundary of the main ventilation corridor, so as to help the wind circulation to mitigate the urban
heat island effect.
3) To ensure the regularity of the growth boundary of cities and towns. Based on the spatial characteristics of culture, landscape, public
service facilities and other elements, the corresponding units are defined. From the perspective of ensuring the integrity, the unit is integrated into
the internal management and control of the urban growth boundary to form a holistic landscape pattern and construction land landscape pattern. |
| Key words: Urban Growth Boundary Urban Design Territorial and Spatial Planning Guangzhou City |
