| 摘要: |
| 景观艺术形式的起源具有浓厚的宗
教色彩和功利性，在漫长的发展历程中，景观
艺术逐渐成为一种反映人类审美图式的文化
追求。本文以史论的视角，阐释了中西方景观
艺术起源的文化价值演变，即狩猎巫术的媒
介、生命轮回的诠释、人神对话的隐喻、“至
善至美”的表达以及“天人之际”的追求。通
过深入挖掘隐藏于景观形式表象背后的深层
文化内涵，探索和审视了文化因素如何深刻
地影响了景观艺术的发展，以期为当代景观
设计中文化特质的构建提供思考和借鉴 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 艺术形式起源 文化
动因 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20190515 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年基金（51608145）；
黑龙江省艺术科学规划课题一般项目
（2016B015）；国际合作项目（MH20160271） |
|
| Explorations on the Cultural Impetus of the Original Art Form in Landscape Architecture |
|
LI Tongyu,XUE Binxia,ZOU Guangtian
|
| Abstract: |
| The landscape art takes on powerful religious overtones and utilitarian in its origin
and is gradually refi ned into cultural pursuit refl ecting various ideas and aesthetic patterns in
the following endless historical process. Landscape design, with vivid landscape images and
environmental quality, is mainly explored out by inherent culture of the site and the design itself.
From the perspective of historical theory, this paper expounds the evolution of cultural value of
Chinese and Western landscape art: the medium of hunting witchcraft, the interpretation of life
cycle, the metaphor of dialogue between man and god, the expression of Mathematical Form, and
the pursuit of “Heaven and Man”. In this paper, the underlying cultural connotation beneath the
landscape form is discussed from the perspective of history with the aim to explore and examine
the ways of influence of cultural elements on the development of landscape design, so as to
provide thinking and references for the construction of cultural characteristics in contemporary
landscape design.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, the landscape design was officially established
as a systematic discipline in western countries. And as a mature and key research field, it
could collaborate with the architectural design and urban planning to commit to modern city
construction. More attention has been increasingly paid to the landscape design in China. The
men of literature and writing created a quiet and peaceful place in Chinese traditional garden
away from the noisy and prosperous city and the open modern garden, which displays the secular
life, have a great potential in creating happy life, which makes the people in China increasingly
aware of the unique value of the landscape. However, the landscape design in our country started
late and is still in exploring and learning period while the western countries has developed
mature ecological and art quality. And the landscape design works therefore often focus on the
surface imitation of the form itself, ignoring the exploration of the cultural features. The results
are the resemblance of landscape creation and the loss of city’s characters.
Landscape design is not limited to the external aesthetic statement or to please someone.
Observers can get the emotional connection or resonance mentally from the profound
cultural meaning embodied in the landscape form, which makes the landscape quality more
transcendental. This double spatial performance of the aesthetic and meaning in the landscape
design does not only contribute to the inspiration of the form creation, but also establishes a
extensive cultural context and imagination for the people in the surface and more intuitive spatial
environment. Therefore, the interest of the aesthetic consciousness can be mobilized due to their
greater psychological activities.
As Koner said, as the logical evolution of time, materials, space, structure, light and color,contemporarily the landscape design shows the dynamic changes of the nature and society. It also provides the clues to understanding the social
condition and establishing cultural support for the people. Consequently, in some gardens, the spatial group and relation, the setting of jungle or a
vacant lot, the pattern of tiles in the plaza and the geometric forms of the hedges and even the theme of totem pole and public art are all significant,
which will generate the strong sense of field and particular cultural atmosphere with the fields and activities. Regardless of the selection of the
spatial vocabulary, the additional bearing of symbols or the exact expression mechanism of the meaning, this environmental semantic factors in
the landscape design need to achieve the psychological connection of the aesthetic experience between the landscape meaning and people to the
maximum extent, depending on the code selection, encoding and decoding process of the landscape elements.
The culture of landscape design is significantly crucial to touching the deep cultural context contained through the form presentation, which
originates from the human nature and truly have a dialogue with human heart to generate the resonance. The culture of landscape design is
interpreted based on this main line to reveal the important role of culture in landscape design, followed by the analysis of multi-dimensional cultural
levels embodied in the development history of landscape design.
Firstly, it introduces the concept of landscape, landscape design and culture. The landscape design is then elaborated, which is an important
social practice in the human development history, to establish the media of mutual communication between people and culture, reflect the nature
of human work, demonstrate the cultural innovation and heritage in the history revolution time-dimensionally and integrate the experience into
itself spatial—dimensionally, expressing the emotion and underlying structural logic in a unique form. The next part is to further explore out the
nature of landscape design culture—a symbiotic media, which emphasizes cultural meaning, its expression and implication performance. The aim
is to establish an implicit structure under various forms of representation to further open the semantic platform for the mutual dialogue between the
landscape design and culture. |
| Key words: Landscape, Origin, Art form, Cultural Motive |
