| 摘要: |
| 城市绿色空间是城市生态系统服
务的重要载体。既往人—境交互视角下的
大量研究基本证实了绿色空间的健康效
益，但对影响二者间效益转化的调节因素
缺乏深入研究。根据社会生态理论与相关
研究，从社会人口和物质环境两方面定性
分析了调节因素及其作用机制，即社会生态
调节因素通过影响使用动机、使用机会或
易用性来影响绿色空间使用并由此调节健
康效益。进一步，基于城市游园研究案例对
此予以实证。结果显示，游园使用具有一定
的情绪健康改善作用，但此过程受到使用
者年龄、教育程度、收入水平、家庭结构以
及游园使用距离等因素的调节。面对不断
凸显的公共健康问题和愈发紧缺的绿色空
间，未来相关研究的焦点有必要从“绿色空
间是否影响健康”的基础研究转向包括调
节过程在内的“绿色空间如何影响健康”的
应用研究，以有效提升应用实践效率。 |
| 关键词: 绿色空间 健康效益 调节因素 社会生态理论 横截面方法 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20190305 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:重庆交通大学校内科学基金课题
（19JDKJC—B014） |
|
| Study on Social-Ecological Moderators Differing the Relation between Urban Green Space andHuman Health |
|
GUO Tinghong
|
| Abstract: |
| Urbanization, resource exploitation, and lifestyle changes have diminished
possibilities for human contact with nature in urbanized societies. Concern about the loss has
helped motivate research on the health benefits of contact with nature. As the main physical
carrier of urban ecosystem services and main form of urban nature environment, urban green
space plays an important role in people’s everyday exposure of nature and has significant impact
on public health. In recent decades, large amounts of previous studies have relatively well
confirmed the health-promoting effects of urban green space on human-environment interaction
dimension such as the use of green space and perceptions of the living environment. For instance,
true and quasi-experiments done in laboratory and field settings have proved green space
exposure is beneficial to relieving stress, improving mental fatigue, and promoting cognitive
ability. And, cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that green space exposure has significant
links with physical activity, social interaction and incidence of some lifestyle disease. However,
only as far as we know, up to now few studies have focused on “moderators” between green
space and human health. Moderators may differ associations between green space and human
health, and thus may have significant impact on conversion efficiency of health benefits from
green space. Therefore, these factors cannot be ignored in application practice, especially under
the rigid constraint of green space from the constant density of urban population and gray land.
Based on review of previous studies on green space and human health and taking this past
ignored problem as the research orientation, a system qualitative and quantitative analysis of
moderators is conducted in the present study. Firstly, we qualitatively analyzes moderators and
mechanism of moderation based on social ecological theory and recent related research. Social
ecological theory derived from the field of behavior science, key conclusion of which is that
people’s behavior is not only the result of individual level factors’ shape, but also influenced
by the environmental factors, and interventions aims to change the population behavior need
to consider all the above factors. According to this theory, moderators can be divided into two
categories, including social-demographic factors, such as users’ gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic
status, and physical environment factors, such as green space type and distance and
so on. About mechanism of moderation, we presents that social-ecological moderators could
ultimately affect the transformation efficiency of health benefits through influencing opportunity
of green space use, motivation of green space use, and ease of green space use.
Then, in order to verify the above theoretical analysis, we further cite our previous case
study of small public urban green space in the center of Chengdu, China. Taking 11 small public
urban green spaces as representative cases, and on the basis of proving the health benefits of small public urban green space use, the case study analyzed factors influencing use of small public urban green space and its mechanism by crosssectional
method. The step-wise multiple linear regression analysis shows that use of small public urban green space has certain health-promotion
effect which indicated by valence. The use frequency of small public urban green space could explain 1.61% of change in valence, use frequency
every rised 1 gradient, valence of respondents increased 0.086 gradient. In spite of this, in this case study, health benefits of use of small public
urban green space may be moderatored by social-demographic factors such as age, education, income, and family structure of users, and physical
environment factors such as distance travelled, which was demonstrated in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Further analysis showed that,
compared to distance travelled, the influence of motivations shaped by social-demographic factors on use frequency and further related health
benefits is more obvious.
In summary, the above theoretical analysis and empirical study case about moderators between green space and human health indicated that,
moderators may have important impact on actual conversion of health benefits from urban green space. Considering the emerging and complicate
problems of public health and sharply declining of urban green space, the focus of urban green space research oriented by public health in the current
and near future need to shift from basic research of “whether green space influences health” to applied research of “how green space influences
health” which contain mechanism of moderation, in order to continuously improve conversion efficiency of health benefits from green space. |
| Key words: Green Space Health Benefit Moderator Social-ecological Theory Cross-sectional Method |
