| 摘要: |
| 本文以城市街道景观为研究对象，
在分析街道景观构成要素的基础上，选择雨
水管理、透水铺装和街道植物三类要素阐述
生态街道的设计方向。结合绿色街道的相关
文献，从缩小街道宽度和设置生物滞留池两
方面补充了生态街道的设计方法。以厦门市
环岛路为例，分析其街道生态设计的现状，
提出完善环岛路及其步道范围的生态设计
策略。 |
| 关键词: 街道景观 生态设计 绿色街道 厦门环岛路 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20190301 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:福建省自然科学基金资助项目（2017J01092）；福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目 （JAT160035）；华侨大学高层次人才引进科 研启动基金资助项目（15BS416，15BS302）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（51678253） |
|
| Ecology of Urban Streetscape and Its Design |
|
ZENG Yulang,DONG Liang
|
| Abstract: |
| In the context of new-type urbanization construction, the number of people working
and living in cities increases rapidly. The street is becoming an important space for outdoor
activities and social communication. The comfort level in urban street has become an important
factor affecting the health and well-being of urban residents. Under the influence of global
warming and urban heat island effect, the condition of outdoor thermal comfort will become
more terrible. It will act as an unignored factor and influence the sustainable development of
cities. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary for the designers to explore the ecological nature of
streetscape on a daily life scale, and to provide residents with comfortable walking and activity
space. This is important for creating sustainable cities and promoting the livability and vitality of
cities.
At present, the development orientation of street construction and management in China
is changing from car-priority to pedestrian-priority. The aim of streetscape design is creating
a competitive and sustainable public space. Some cities published guidelines for streetscape
design, such as Beijing and Shanghai. This phenomenon shows the broad need for streetscape
optimization and improvement. The research object of this paper is the urban streetscape.
Streetscape includes five elements: below-ground conditions, ground plane, vegetation,
street furniture, and architecture. The composite of all these elements creates a unique urban
streetscape. The ecological design of streetscape elements can start from three aspects: rainwater
management, permeable paving and street plants. Reasonably designed street rainwater
infrastructure can deal with the water bodies in advance. It improves water quality while
reducing runoff on the ground. This progress can give full play to its ecological effect, and reduce
its burden on the environment. The color, material, permeability and other factors of pedestrian
paving material determine its ability to absorb, store and radiate heat. The physical character of
pavement materials could change the temperature and the humidity in the street, then affect the
comfort of pedestrians. Permeable paving material has a cooling effect by direct evaporation, and
it also reduces the storage of heat. So permeable paving is an effective way for ecological design.
Diversified use of plants is the most intuitive embodiment of the ecological design. In addition to
considering the morphology and growth laws of plants themselves, it is also important to choose
plant species in combination with the regional climate.
Green Street is an ecological design method which is also a mature application program at
present. Green Street can manage rainwater, reduce flow, improve water quality and enhance
watershed health by natural system methods. Finally, the aim of meeting regulatory requirements
and achieving resource protection will be realized. The design of Green Street should pay
more attention to reducing the width of the street and setting up the bioretention. The designershould take into consideration the infrastructure function and ecology function of sites. Design progress should combine urban street rain and flood
management with landscape design. So they can work together as a part of urban green infrastructure, and finally build the ecological system of the
city street.
Xiamen Island Ring Boulevard is not only an important part of the city’s main road, but also an important local tourist attraction. The Ring
Boulevard locates along the coastal zone and covers about 2/3 of Xiamen Island seaboard. At present, the ecological design of the Ring Boulevard is
embodied in three aspects. Firstly, on the city side, abundant types and higher density of green plants are organized, in order to form a combination
of complex biological communities with trees, shrubs and ground plants. Local plants are recommended. Secondly, the use of ceramic permeable
brick and other permeable paving can help rain seep into the soil. Thirdly, the scope of overhead trails is controlled, in order to reduce the impact
of artificial facilities on the sea area. It is also possible to further improve the ecological design of Xiamen Island Ring Boulevard and its walkway
range from two aspects. First, the designer can regenerate the street with the relevant technical strategies of Green Street, and improve the collection
and utilization of rainwater. Second, the designer should control the width of the road.
High-speed urban construction has brought a glossy image of the city. While at the same time, it has planted some potential threats. The lack
of ecological design in urban streets and the uncontrolled management of rain flood are typical examples. At present, China has begun to realize
the importance of urban rain flood management. The government already promulgated the relevant technical specifications and implied the pilot in
a number of cities. With the increasing frequency of extreme weather around the world, the demand for eco-design in streets will become higher.
Understanding the successful experience of foreign ecological streets is conducive to the rapid landing of advanced design methods and concepts.
At the same time, it is necessary to carry out the street ecological design according to the local special conditions, such as natural geographical
conditions, hydrogeological characteristics, rainfall regulation, and water environmental protection need. |
| Key words: Streetscape Eco-design Green Street Xiamen Island Ring Boulevard |
