| 摘要: |
| 2016年国家颁布《健康中国2030纲
要》，强调以公平公正为基本原则，推动健康
领域基本公共服务均等化，实现健康服务全
覆盖的目标。在此健康公平视角下，本文以
上海市中心城区为研究范围，对其社区层面
体育设施的分布进行公平绩效的定量评价。
研究采用基尼系数，从设施空间可达性和供
应量两方面，进行体育资源分配的公平性评
价。研究发现，上海市中心城区社区体育设
施在基于空间可达性的服务覆盖方面较为均
等；但在以街道委员会管辖范围为分析单元
的地均和人均设施供应量方面，不均等程度
明显增加。研究进而选取人均体育设施供应
量，进行了设施分布公平绩效的空间差异分
析。发现其存在圈层式空间格局，即外环—
中环—内环的社区体育设施分布的公平绩效
依次降低；同时浦东地区的绩效优于浦西。
研究基于社区体育设施分布的评判绩效评
价，为健康城市规划和建设提供依据。 |
| 关键词: 社区体育设施 上海中心城区 基
尼系数 洛伦兹曲线 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20190201 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（41871359，
51578384） |
|
| Performance Assessment of the Distribution of Community Sports Facility from the Perspective ofHealthy Equity—A Case Study of the Central City of Shanghai |
|
WANG Lan,ZHOU Kaichen
|
| Abstract: |
| The national policy “Healthy China 2030 Outline” announced in 2016 has highlighted
equity and justice as the basic principles to promote the equalization of basic public health
service and achieve its full coverage. As health equity is an important issue in the development
of healthy city, the confi guration and layout of sports facilities infl uences the equity of residents’
accessibility to health resources. Studies on the distribution of public facilities carried out since
the 1980s have basically covered the main types of public service facilities including urban
parks and green space, medical facilities, public transportation facilities, etc. However, few
researches has focused on sports facilities. From the perspective of the healthy equity. This paper
quantitatively evaluates the performance of distribution of sports facilities at community level
with the central city of Shanghai as the study site.
First of all, this paper analyzes the coverage area of service based on the calculation
of accessibility, and the supply based on the floor area per capita and the the floor area per
sq.meter of sports facilities within a community. The study discovers that the areas with highest
coverage of service are located in the southeastern part of Pudong, while the lowest coverage
areas mainly in Puxi, especially in Jing’an District and Huangpu District. It presents an overall
balance of the accessibility for the entire central city of Shanghai, while the inner city is lower
than the periphery, the north area is higher than south area, and the Pudong is higher than Puxi.
Meanwhile, the fl oor area of sports facility per capita presents a gradual increase from the inner
city to the periphery, when the fl oor area per sq. meter shows the opposite pattern.
By calculating the Gini coeffi cient, this paper discovers that the allocation of sports facilities
reaches a relatively equal level based on spatial accessibility while it increases signifi cantly in
terms of the fl oor area per capita and the fl oor area per sq. meter within each community. More
specifically in spatial distribution of the floor area per capita, the Gini coefficient of Pudong
presents lower than that of Puxi while inner city presents higher than the periphery.
Healthy urban planning needs to consider the allocation of various health-related public
service facilities. The methodology of evaluating equity performance in the distribution of sports
facilities adopted in this paper provides a basis for its planning. It also illustrates that the healthy
equity of public facilities not only needs to be reflected in the layout of physical entities, but
also requires to consider the distribution of the population. Only when better understanding and
measuring the equity performance of facility accessibility and supply, would better planning of
public facilities for healthy cities be achieved. |
| Key words: Community Sports Facilities the Central City of Shanghai Gini Coeffi cient Lorenz
Curve |
