| 摘要: |
| 最初的安顺屯堡是明初“调北征
南”的军事产物，经过了明清六百年的发展，
广泛的屯堡区域逐渐形成。无论是初期的官
方戍守还是后期的村落自保，由于周边形势
的复杂不稳定与战乱的多发，防御性一直是
屯堡聚落营建的重要考量因素。本文通过对
数十个屯堡聚落的踏勘以及对典型聚落的
调研测绘，对安顺屯堡聚落防御体系进行了
研究。首先从各类聚落的选址特点分析了聚
落的防御性；其次详细论述了山水、寨墙寨
门、巷道、院落民居、碉楼、“坉”等几种防
御要素；最后，从区域层面到聚落层面研究
分析了以防御性为主的聚落整体空间格局，
并依据营建时间和选址的不同产生的聚落空
间格局差异将屯堡聚落分为就地驻守而形成
的类军营型、迁至依山傍水之地的据险而居
型、迁居各自营建的多院成堡型以及避难山
顶的由坉成村型四种典型类型。 |
| 关键词: 安顺 屯堡 防御体系 碉楼 坉 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20180415 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目
（51508298）；清华大学新型城镇化研究院
开放基金资助项目（TUCSU—K—17024—
01） |
|
| Research on the Spatial Defense System of Anshun Tunpu, Central Guizhou |
|
ZHOU Zhengxu,HU Yaqi,GUO Hao
|
| Abstract: |
| The original Tunpu of Anshun is the outcome of a series of military policies in early
Ming dynasty. In the 600 years’ development and evolution, current Tunpu region is gradually
formed. Owing to complexity and instability of the surrounding situation and the wars,
defensiveness has become an important factor in the construction of Tunpu settlements all the
time. In this paper, it focuses on the defense system of Tunpu settlements in Anshun through
field survey on tens of villages. Firstly, it makes an analysis on defensiveness of different
settlements in the perspective of fi eld selection. Secondly, this paper discusses several defensive
factors, which contains mountains, rivers, walls and gates of villages, aisles, courtyards,
watchtowers, “Tun”, etc. Lastly, it analyzes the spatial patterns of defensive settlements from
regional level to settlement level, then divides these Tunpu settlements into 4 typical types
on the basis of the construction time and location selection. The types are following four: the
barrack-like formed on site, the residence sited against danger and by the mountain and river,
the villge consisting of courtyards built by each family and the “tun” sited on the mountaintop
for refuge. |
| Key words: Anshun Tunpu Defense System Watchtower Tun |
