| 摘要: |
| 应用适应性理论，从城市选址、
空间格局及形态、肌理脉络和防洪治河技
术四个方面，系统地分析了古代苏州在地
形、水系及气候方面的自然适应性，结果表
明：古代苏州选址依托自然，选择城址于水
网地区的地势稍高处，体现了“兼顾安全与
发展”的城市选址思想。空间格局和形态
方面，以水系为脉络，组织城市空间，形成
双棋盘格局；顺应水文特征，将城墙设计
成“亚”字形，这些都体现了规划设计中通
过“因势利导、趋利避害”而适应水文环境
的思想。通过城市方位布局以适应季风，引
导城市通风，并结合密布的水网，有效改
善城市微气候，体现了古老的城市生物气候
适应法则，运用“顺天应人”的防洪治河技
术，“得水之利，而避水之害”①。这些自然
适应性表现出城市与自然亲近、共存、共荣
的思想观念和规划设计生态智慧，对目前
的城市可持续规划设计有很大的启迪。 |
| 关键词: 自然适应性 生态智慧 空间格局 苏州古城 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20170610 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| The Study on Nature Adaptability and Ecological Wisdom of Suzhou Ancient City’s Spatial Form |
|
YAN Shuiyu,DONG Lingqiao
|
| Abstract: |
| The paper systematically analyzes the natural adaptability of ancient Suzhou city in
topography, drainage system and clime from four aspects including city sitting, spatial form,
structural skeleton, and flood control technology. The results show that the ancient Suzhou City
lied in the higher place of the water network, the city utilized water system as the structure of the
city, and formed a double chessboard pattern. Then hydrological features are reflected and the
wall was designed like a glyph of the Chinese word“亚”. The layout of gate was also adapted to
the hydrological environment thinking. While the city layout adapted to the dense water network
was combined to improve the urban microclimate, reflecting the biological adaptation. The nature
adaptation of the ancient city is still very significant for the sustainable planning and design of
the cities. |
| Key words: Natural Adaptability Ecological Wisdom Spatial Form Suzhou Ancient City |
