| 摘要: |
| 乡村聚落是中国聚落体系中的重要
组成部分。受自然地理环境、气候条件、生
产生活方式、民族风俗和宗教习惯等因素的
影响，长期以来，我国乡村聚落空间布局处于
自发选择的状态，普遍存在着布局散乱、人
口规模小、占地面积大、基础设施落后和公
共服务不足等问题，亟待优化。以碌曲县第
二次土地利用现状调查图为基础资料，利用
ArcGIS的空间分析功能，从高程、河流、路
网、地域经济类型等方面对碌曲县乡村聚落
的空间分布特征进行定量分析，结果表明，
海拔对乡村聚落的空间分布具有明显的“型
铸”作用，河流和路网格局对聚落具有明显
的引导作用，农区—半农半牧区—纯牧区聚
落差异显著，从集群分布走向分散分布。应
用综合发展实力指数函数，将碌曲县行政
村分为高（Ⅰ级）、中（Ⅱ级）、低（Ⅲ级）三
个发展实力等级。在综合考虑各乡村聚落自
然地理环境、发展潜力、区位条件的前提下，对村落等级规模进行优化，将村落分为优先发展
型、控制发展型、异地搬迁型进行调控。引入成本加权距离（cost weighted distance）和改进型
场强模型，计算各个乡镇的辐射量，结果表明，最大辐射量出现在玛艾镇和郎木寺镇周围，且沿
洮河河谷和国道213线形成南北两条辐射带。因此得出结论：乡村聚落空间结构优化要按照“中
心带动，以点带轴，以轴带面，两翼互补，整体推进”的原则开展，最终形成“两心、两轴、两翼”
的乡村聚落体系空间结构格局。 |
| 关键词: 乡村聚落 空间特征 影响因素 空间优化 碌曲县 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20170116 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金地区项目（41261042） |
|
| The Characteristics and Layout Optimization of Rural Settlements’ Spatial Distribution of AlpinePastoral Area—A Case Study of Luqu County of Gannan Prefecture |
|
WANG Lucang,LI Wei,LI Kangxing
|
| Abstract: |
| Because?of?the?natural?geographical?environment,?climatic?conditions,?mode?of
production?and?life,?religious?practices?and?other?factors,?the?formation?and?development?of
rural settlements in China have been in a spontaneous state for a long time. There are problems
such?as?scattered?layout,?small?population?size,?large?fl ?oor?space,?low?rate?of?land?use?and?so
on.This thesis then qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes the humanistic and social factors
that?infl ?uence?the?spatial?distribution?of?rural?settlements?in?Luqu?County.?The?factors?include
elevation,?river,road?network?and?regional?economic?factors.?The?results?show?that,?Altitude?is
affecting the spatial distribution of rural settlements;River and road network on the settlements
has?obvious?guiding?role,from?agricultural?areas?to?semi-agricultural?andsemi-pastoral,?to?pure
pastoral?areas,?Distribution?pattern?of?settlements?transform?from?dispersed?to?centralized?.
Application?of?comprehensive?development?strength?index?function,?Luqu`s?administrative
villages divided into high (Ⅰ),?medium?(Ⅱ),?low?(Ⅲ) three development levels; Introducing
Cost?Weighted?Distance?and?improved?Field?Model?to?calculate?the?radiation?of?townships,
the?results?showed?that?Ma`ai?and?Langmusi?town?have?the?strongest?radiation,?and?Tao?River
valley?and?along?State?Highway?213?are?south?and?north?two?radiation?belts.?Therefore,?the
spatial?structure?of?rural?settlements?optimized?core?idea?can?be?expressed?as?“a?center,?two
axis”,?the?center?led?to?points,?the?axis?led?to?surface,?wings?complementary,?overall?progress,
and?strengthen?1?center?(county),?supporting?2?node?stownships,?Langmusi?town?and?Shuangca
town),?perfect?4?townships?(Gahai,?Xicang,?Larengaua,?A’la),?cultivating?5?key?villages(Gaxiu,
Gongba,?Jiacang,?Gongquhu,?Zeca). |
| Key words: Rural Settlement Spatial Characteristics Infl uencing Factors Space Optimization Luqu County |
