| 摘要: |
| 城市蓝色空间是老年人活动的重要场所，具有情绪价值供给潜力。本文采用Delphi-AHP构建城市蓝色空间情绪价值供给评价指标体系，利用WEMWBS量表采集老年人主观情绪数据，建立蓝色空间情绪供给评价数据库；运用多元回归模型分析自然基底、空间格局与场所营造对情绪供给的影响，并构建空间复合指数以评估情绪价值供给率；结合定性比较分析法与定量IPA法解析蓝色空间情绪价值供给的内在机制，识别出构筑物风格化、视野开阔度、水体可达性和蓝视率为优先干预指标。研究发现，滨河公园情绪价值供给率最高；湖景公园虽空间环境良好，但供给率略低且呈边际递减；近水绿道供给率最低，但其空间评价得分对情绪影响波动较大。构筑物风格化、文化设施数量和视野开阔度通常能提高综合供给能力；蓝视率和物种丰富度需与社交文化因素协同才能显著发挥效应；水体可达性、无障碍设施完善和步行安全性对供给率影响不显著。基于此，以天津市蓝色空间为例，提出优化滨水岸线的生态性和亲水性、提升滨水步行的整体性与安全性、增强滨水场所的社交性与文化性等空间品质提升策略，旨在满足老年人对情绪价值的需求。 |
| 关键词: 城市蓝色空间 情绪价值 供给评价 空间品质提升 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU982 |
| 基金项目:2022年度河北省社会科学基金(HB22YS031) |
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| Evaluation of the Supply of Urban Blue Space for the Emotional Value of the Elderly and the Strategy of Improving Spatial Quality |
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ZhangXin1,2, Yu Yi1,2, Cai Zihan1,2
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1.School of Architecture and Art Design, Heibei University of technology;2.Center for Innovative Design of Future Human Settlements and Application of Intelligent Technologies
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| Abstract: |
| By 2020, China's urban population aged 65 and above accounted for approximately 15% of the total population, accelerating the nation's aging trajectory and placing the physical and mental health of the elderly at the forefront of societal concern. Research from the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Psychology indicates that about 19.05% of seniors experience mild depression, while approximately 12.17% exhibit moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Prolonged low mood increases the risk of depression, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and in severe cases, may even lead to self-harm. The inclusion of “emotional value” among the top ten buzzwords of 2023 signifies that this concept has moved from public awareness into the center of public discourse, reflecting society's urgent concern for mental health and emotional well-being amid rapid development. Constrained by physical limitations and cognitive abilities, older adults have relatively limited access to emotional support compared to other age groups. Urban blue spaces, serving as vital activity venues for seniors, hold potential to provide emotional value. Tianjin, a key node along the Grand Canal that thrived through its river connection, also faces significant aging challenges. As a vital node along the Grand Canal, Tianjin's prosperity is intertwined with the waterway, yet it also faces significant challenges from an aging population. This region represents the core area with the highest population density and most severe aging, where the elderly have particularly urgent needs for daily emotional value. Blue spaces in the central urban area are typical examples in an urbanized context. Compared to natural water bodies in the countryside, they are more artificial, have controllable scales, and are closely integrated with urban functions, making the research findings more universally applicable. Furthermore, blue spaces within Tianjin's inner six districts form an integral part of seniors' daily activities. Their convenient accessibility enables sustained and frequent emotional impacts on the elderly population. Thus, examining how the quality of these blue spaces contributes to emotional value holds significant practical importance. This study focuses on Tianjin's inner six districts to develop an evaluation framework for the relationship between blue space supply and seniors' emotional needs, addressing two core questions: (1) The underlying mechanisms through which urban blue spaces provide emotional value. (2) How spatial supply translates into actual emotional benefits. Given variations in how different urban blue spaces influence older adults' emotional perceptions and behavioral activities, this study first analyzes the current state of blue spaces. Tianjin's blue spaces are categorized into three types—riverfront parks, waterfront greenways, and lakeside parks—based on water body morphology, shoreline length, and functional positioning, enabling comparative evaluation and differential analysis. Second, the Delphi-AHP method is employed to construct an evaluation index system for the emotional value supply of urban blue spaces. Subjective emotional data from the elderly is collected using the WEMWBS scale to establish an evaluation database for emotional supply in blue spaces. Third, a multiple regression model was employed to investigate the effects of natural substrate, spatial pattern, and place-making on emotional supply. Significant indicators were selected to construct a spatial composite index for assessing emotional value supply rates. Finally, combining qualitative comparative analysis and quantitative IPA methods, the intrinsic mechanisms of emotional value supply in blue spaces were analyzed. Factors such as stylized structures, visual openness, water accessibility, and blue visibility rate were identified as priority intervention indicators, with corresponding intervention methods determined. Findings reveal that riverside parks exhibit the highest emotional value supply rate. Lakeside parks, despite favorable spatial environments, show slightly lower rates with diminishing marginal returns. Waterfront greenways demonstrate the lowest supply rate, yet their spatial evaluation scores exhibit greater emotional impact volatility. Some sites with high spatial evaluation scores show decreased emotional value supply rates upon calculation, indicating a non-linear relationship between the two. Furthermore, emotional value supply capacity in blue spaces results from the synergistic interaction of multiple factors. Natural foundations provide ecological stress relief for the elderly, spatial patterns ensure autonomous health behaviors, while place-making serves as the core function for social recognition and emotional resonance. Specifically, factors like stylized structures, cultural facility density, and open vistas typically enhance overall supply capacity; blue visibility and species richness require synergy with social-cultural elements to yield significant effects; while water accessibility, barrier-free facilities, and pedestrian safety factors show no significant impact on supply rates. Based on these findings, using Tianjin's blue spaces as a case study, this research proposes spatial quality enhancement strategies: optimizing the ecological and water-friendly attributes of waterfront shorelines; improving the integrity and safety of waterfront walking paths; and strengthening the social and cultural dimensions of waterfront venues. These measures aim to meet older adults' emotional value needs. |
| Key words: Urban blue spaces Emotional value Supply evaluation Improvement of spatial quality |
