| 摘要: |
| 广西平话语区是一个由持平话方言的族群聚居而成的独特文化区，其传统聚落是在古代中原汉人多轮南迁基础上，与广西复杂地形和多民族文化深度融合所形成的空间文化复合体。对该区域传统聚落进行系统研究，有助于填补广西平话方言族群聚落区划研究的空白，并促进广西传统村落的区域保护与利用。采用ArcGIS空间分析与SPSS主成分分析、系统聚类等方法，基于自然环境、聚落背景、历史演变和社会文化四个维度构建文化因子指标体系，对广西平话语区189个国家级传统聚落进行研究，识别影响聚落形成与演化的主导因子，开展文化区划划分与特征提取。结果发现广西平话语区传统聚落在同一方言文化背景下呈现出显著的空间差异性。研究识别出地形、水系、军事与屯戍四类主导因子，并据此划分出四个文化特征区：军事文化主导型、屯戍文化主导型、移民文化主导型和民族文化交融型传统聚落文化区。研究揭示了中原文化影响下的平话族群传统聚落的空间特征和形成逻辑，为广西平话语区传统聚落的保护与建设提供理论支撑，有利于推动广西平话传统聚落保护从单一向区域群体保护的发展。 |
| 关键词: 传统聚落 亚文化区 区划研究 形成因素 平话语区 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:K928.5 |
| 基金项目:国家社科基金艺术学一般项目 |
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| Cultural Zoning and Its Influencing Factors of Traditional Settlements in the Pinghua-speaking Area of Guangxi |
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Chen Junting, Liu Mingmin
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College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University
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| Abstract: |
| The Pinghua-speaking population is an ancient Han ethnic group that migrated from the Central Plains to Lingnan beginning in the Qin and Han dynasties. Through long-term settlement in Guangxi, they gradually formed a distinctive cultural region characterized by the concentration of communities speaking the Pinghua dialect, which is defined in this study as the Pinghua-speaking area. Within Guangxi, the linguistic and ethnic boundaries of the Pinghua-speaking area are relatively clear, and both the historical trajectories of settlement formation and their geographical distribution are well defined. Compared to Han Chinese immigrants who migrated during the Yuan Dynasty speaking the Southwest Mandarin, as well as Hakka and Cantonese-speaking communities who migrated during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Pinghua-speaking communities have relatively clear linguistic and ethnic boundaries, with a well-defined historical trajectory and geographical distribution of their settlements. They “stubbornly preserved the ancient Han traditions of farming and cultivation,” and exhibited “closed and conservative settlement locations.” The traditional settlements of the Pinghua-speaking area in Guangxi emerged through multiple waves of southward migration from the Central Plains, followed by long-term adaptation to the region’s complex topography and deep integration with multiethnic cultural contexts, while still retaining numerous historical and cultural remnants of ancient Han society. Together, these processes have produced a recognizable spatial–cultural complex. A systematic investigation of traditional settlements in this region helps to fill a research gap in the cultural regionalization of Pinghua-speaking communities and contributes to the regional conservation and sustainable utilization of traditional villages in Guangxi.
This study focuses on the Pinghua-speaking area within the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, selecting 189 nationally recognized traditional villages within this dialect area as research samples. First, by integrating historical literature, government archival materials, and field survey data, a cultural factor index system for traditional settlements in the Pinghua-speaking area was constructed. This system incorporates four dimensions—natural environment, settlement background, historical evolution, and sociocultural attributes—and includes a total of 14 specific indicators. Quantitative indicators are used for statistical analysis, while qualitative descriptive indicators serve for interpretation and validation of the results. Second, using the ArcGIS platform, spatial positioning and attribute linkage were conducted for all settlement samples. DEM (30 m) data were employed to perform spatial analyses of terrain, hydrology, transportation, and other natural and human factors. The analysis results were then linked with the quantitative indicators to establish a cultural geographic information database of traditional settlements in the Pinghua-speaking area. Third, SPSS software was employed to conduct correlation tests and principal component analysis of the quantitative indicators, extracting four dominant cultural factors influencing the spatial differentiation of traditional settlements. Systematic cluster analysis was then applied based on these dominant factors to classify settlements into groups with similar cultural characteristics. The results indicate that, despite sharing a common dialectal and cultural background, traditional settlements in the Pinghua-speaking area exhibit pronounced spatial differentiation. By combining GIS-based visualization with spatial overlay of descriptive indicators and boundary adjustment, the clustering scheme was evaluated for rationality. Ultimately, four major cultural areas of traditional settlements were identified: (I) northeastern military-culture-dominated traditional settlement cultural zone, (II) southwestern garrison-culture-dominated traditional settlement cultural zone, (III) eastern migration-culture-dominated traditional settlement cultural zone, and (IV) northern ethnic-cultural-integration traditional settlement cultural zone.
The article further interprets and verifies the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of these four cultural zones from both natural environmental and historical–human perspectives. On the one hand, natural factors such as topography and hydrological conditions provide the fundamental environmental framework for settlement location, form, and production modes, guiding the spatial organization of settlements in different areas. On the other hand, military activities and state policies have largely directed the expansion and distribution of Pinghua settlements, while processes of ethnic integration and interactions facilitated by ancient trade routes have further shaped patterns of cultural differentiation. The long-term accumulation and interaction of these factors ultimately produced a multi-type cultural regional structure within the traditional settlements of the Pinghua-speaking area in Guangxi.
In recent years, the conservation of traditional settlements and vernacular architecture has increasingly shifted from the protection of isolated sites or concentrated clusters toward a regional-scale approach. This transformation requires settlement research to adopt a more comprehensive perspective that emphasizes the internal relationships among traditional settlements. Taking the overall migration routes and historical evolution of the Pinghua population as its main analytical framework, this study incorporates temporal dimensions into spatial analysis and highlights the regional interconnectedness of traditional settlements. By revealing the spatial characteristics and formation logic of Pinghua traditional settlements under the long-term influence of Central Plains culture, this research provides a theoretical foundation for the protection, planning, and sustainable development of traditional settlements in the Pinghua-speaking area of Guangxi, and promotes a transition from single-site conservation toward integrated regional heritage protection. |
| Key words: Traditional Settlements Subcultural Zone Zoning forming factors Pinghua Dialect |
