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| “需求-效益”下的老旧住区户外空间更新路径与策略 |
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王玥1,2, 胡敏3, 鲍蕾4, 谢海汇1, 裘知1,5
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1.浙江大学建筑工程学院;2.浙江大学建筑设计研究院有限公司;3.浙江省城乡规划设计研究院有限公司;4.浙江省建筑设计研究院有限公司;5.浙江大学平衡建筑研究中心
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| 摘要: |
| 在老旧住区更新的实际操作中,尽管当前已有相关技术标准支撑,但大多住区受到建设资金、空间资源等条件约束,面临技术方法难以全部落实的困境,亟需以高效益为目标,研判更新的轻重缓急,寻求空间高效组织的路径与方法。本研究以杭州市H住区为样本,构建老旧住区户外空间需求指标体系,基于资源配置公平理论,以IPA分析法建构“平均值-标准差”需求耦合模型,确立居民需求的优先层级,形成“需求”向“功能”的转译路径。通过挖掘居民一日活动日志与聚集行为规律,归纳“行为(A)-场所(P)-时间(T)”的关联特征与空间偏好,以空间复合与共享设计为导向,形成“行为”向“空间”的生成路径,最终从交通体系、公共空间、设施小品与建筑立面提出更新策略,以期为老旧住区户外空间的高效更新提供理论基础与实践参考。 |
| 关键词: 效益 老旧住区 户外空间 需求与行为 空间复合与共享 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU984.12 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| Renovation Paths and Strategies for Outdoor Spaces in Old Residential Areas under the “Demand-Benefit” |
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Wang Yue1,2, Hu Min3, Bao Lei4, Xie Haihui1, Qiu Zhi1,5
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1.Institute of Architectural Design and Theoretical Research, Zhejiang University;2.The Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co, Ltd.;3.Zhejiang Urban and Rural Planning Design Institute Co.,LTD;4.ZHEJIANG PROVINCE INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND RESEARCH;5.Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University
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| Abstract: |
| With the contraction of urban land supply in China and the transformation of urban development concepts, the urban construction mode has shifted from "incremental expansion" to "stock renewal." Old residential areas have gradually taken a dominant position in the urban stock space, making the optimization and renewal of outdoor spaces in these old residential areas one of the crucial tasks in current urban renewal efforts. In the initial stages of construction in old residential areas, the primary focus was on increasing housing area and ensuring residents' housing needs. Construction standards were relatively low, emphasizing the maximization of economic benefits in residential area construction. Despite the diverse types of old residential areas in terms of construction age, foundation, resident structure, and building models, they all face a core issue of limited outdoor space resources. China's relevant policies and technological approaches have proposed "standard measures" for the renewal of old residential areas, including facade updates, improving supporting facilities, and increasing green area. These measures have indeed played a positive role in enhancing the overall appearance of residential areas. However, due to constraints such as construction funds and space resources, there is an issue of inefficient implementation, leading to a misalignment with resident needs. Therefore, it is urgent to determine the priorities of these "standard measures" and seek paths and methods for efficient spatial organization.
This study has selected the typical and spatially constrained old residential area - H Community in Hangzhou, as the research sample. It focuses on four dimensions: safety, livability, aging-friendliness, and aesthetics, to construct an outdoor space demand indicator system for the old residential area. Using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method, an "average-standard deviation" demand coupling model is developed. This model categorizes demands into essential, improvement, alternative, and elimination items, establishing a priority hierarchy for resident needs. It forms an outdoor space functional renewal system, completing the transformation path from "demand" to "function". Through semi-structured interviews and behavior mapping, the study explores the regularities in residents' daily activity logs. Focusing on specific spaces such as central garden, group space, entrance and exit of residential area, the study captures the aggregation behaviors of different time sections. It then summarizes the "action (A) - place (P) - time (T)" correlation features and proposes pathways and methods for space utilization, forming a generation path from "behavior" to "space".
Through the transformation from "demand" to "function", the residents' priorities for updating content are obtained, and the functional details are matched to the corresponding spatial levels, forming an outdoor space function updating system. By generating from "behavior" to "space," the study categorizes the characteristics of residents' outdoor space behavior under spatial constraints. This includes temporal features, where activity content changes over time intervals, and compound features, where multiple entities engage in various activities simultaneously. Subsequently, an intensive design approach of spatial "compounding and sharing" is introduced, aiming to maximize the efficiency of spatial organization and enhance the carrying capacity of public spaces. Finally, the study proposes update strategies at the levels of transportation systems, public spaces, facility elements, and building facades. At the transportation system level, traffic flow lines are reorganized to minimize overlap and interference, reducing vehicular traffic. Simultaneously, outdoor elevators, covered walkways, and meandering pathways are introduced in cluster spaces to create a new pedestrian system. At the public space level, considering temporal characteristics of behavior, possibilities for spatial changes are provided to allow residents to flexibly transform space forms during different time intervals. Addressing the compound nature of behavior, efficient functional overlay models are adopted to meet the activity needs of diverse groups, creating spatial vitality and increasing opportunities for neighborhood interaction. At the level of facility elements and building facades, various elements such as landscape, signage, and lighting are combined in the design to maximize utility. This, in turn, provides residents with a relatively convenient and comfortable environment. Facade updates are also proposed, considering composition, details, and material adjustments.
The optimization of urban stock land renewal not only concerns the sustainability of the city but also profoundly impacts residents' quality of life. China has put forward a series of related policies such as urban micro-renewal and urban dual-repair, providing further support for the renewal of old residential areas. Today, this work has entered a new stage, facing the constraints of limited resources such as funds and space in practical operations. How to be guided by maximum "utility" has become a key issue to be addressed. This study, under this guidance, clarifies the priorities of outdoor space renewal in old residential areas based on the hierarchy of residents' spatial needs. Furthermore, based on residents' behavioral patterns and spatial preferences, with the goal of "compounding and sharing," it proposes methods and pathways for efficient space utilization. This not only reflects a critical examination and critique of the current trend of blindly pursuing "standardization" in renewal but also opens up new perspectives and ideas for the "efficient" renewal of outdoor spaces in old residential areas. It provides a practical basis for renewal design. |
| Key words: benefit, old residential area, outdoor space, needs and behaviors, spatial integration and sharing |
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