| 摘要: |
| 山地城市职住空间分异机制及其优化路径是国土空间规划领域的核心议题。本研究以重庆中心城区为例，结合高德兴趣点（point of interest, POI）数据和轨道交通刷卡数据，构建“静态分布-动态匹配”耦合分析框架，揭示职住空间组织规律与匹配关系。研究结果表明：1）职住空间呈现向心集聚与轴向扩展并存特征，形成中心-外围圈层结构且密度呈阶梯式递减；2）职住匹配关系呈现显著空间分异，两江四岸核心区域职住平衡区占比30.1%，外围环状区域职住分离程度与距核心区距离显著相关；3）轨道交通站点形成核心就业圈-过渡平衡带-外围居住环的空间结构，通勤时长呈现同心圆分布特征，职住比小的区域伴随更长的通勤时间，形成跨区钟摆式通勤。研究成果可为突破城市职住空间治理提供科学参考，实现城市空间效能与出行效率的协同提升。 |
| 关键词: 职住空间分异 职住分离 多源时空数据 通勤 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU984 |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(24YJAZH107)，重庆市教委科学技术研究计划重点项目(KJZD-K202300707),重庆交通大学研究生科研创新基金(2025S0099) |
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| Research on the Distribution and Allocation Relationship of Residential and Working Spaces in Mountainous Urban Areas Based on Multi-source Data ——A Case Study of the Urban Central Area of Chongqing |
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Mu Fengyun, Chu Changquan, Wang Xiaozhi, Wang Guilin, LI Zhijun
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Chongqing Jiaotong University
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| Abstract: |
| As urbanization accelerates in mountainous cities, the spatial disjunction between where people live and work has become a defining challenge for sustainable urban development. In these terrain-constrained environments, dense topography, fragmented land use, and limited connectivity often exacerbate job-housing mismatches, creating longer commutes, uneven access to employment, and increasing pressure on transport infrastructure. Chongqing, one of China’s most prominent mountain megacities, presents a particularly compelling case. While the city has developed an extensive rail transit network to support its urban expansion, how this infrastructure reshapes the spatial relationship between employment and residential functions remains underexplored. This study responds to this gap by proposing a dual-perspective analytical framework that links the static spatial distribution of jobs and housing with dynamic commuting patterns, using Chongqing’s central urban area as a case study. Drawing on over 940,000 high-resolution Points of Interest (POI) and 43 million metro smartcard records, the research investigates how transit infrastructure mediates job-housing integration, and what spatial configurations emerge in a mountainous context under transit-oriented urbanization. Unlike prior studies that focus on flat cities or use static indicators alone, this research embraces a multi-source, time-sensitive approach to capture both spatial form and behavioral flow. The POI data provides insight into the functional layout of urban land use, while the metro data reflects real-world commuting behaviors. Together, they enable a refined diagnosis of spatial mismatches at multiple scales, revealing not just where jobs and housing are located, but how people move between them. Key findings highlight three dominant patterns. First, the spatial structure of Chongqing’s central districts exhibits a center-periphery hierarchy, reinforced by a southwest - northeast development axis that mirrors the city’s official spatial planning. Employment nodes are more widely dispersed and tend to expand along transit corridors, while residential clusters are more linear and concentrated near rail stations, reflecting the shaping role of transit access. This results in a stepped density pattern and an emergent “employment core–residential fringe” morphology. Second, spatial mismatch between jobs and housing is not evenly distributed. A grid-based analysis shows that only 30% of mixed-use units achieve functional balance, primarily located in high-density central zones. In contrast, nearly half of the outer areas are residence-dominant, lacking sufficient employment opportunities and services. The degree of mismatch increases with distance from the core, forming a concentric mismatch gradient that intensifies long-distance commuting and places disproportionate strain on transit infrastructure. Third, the commuting data reveals a clear spatial logic in how job-housing balance plays out along the rail network. Only 14.9% of metro stations exhibit a dynamic job-housing ratio near equilibrium. Central stations (e.g., Guan yin qiao, Xiao shi zi) serve as employment magnets with short average commuting times (<30 min), while peripheral stations (e.g., Tiao deng, Hong yan ping) are dominated by residential use, with commuting times exceeding 45 minutes. This delineates a stable pattern: core employment zone - transitional balance belt - outer residential ring, a structure that reflects both historical land use and transit-induced transformation. These patterns have tangible policy implications. In core zones, urban planners should encourage mixed-use redevelopment near key metro stations to rebalance excessive employment centralization. In peripheral areas, strategies must prioritize the introduction of localized employment opportunities and public services to reduce reliance on long-distance commuting. For transitional areas, which show the most potential for equilibrium, supportive planning (e.g., TOD policies, land-use flexibility) can foster more sustainable, self-contained urban communities. The study offers a scalable analytical framework for diagnosing and responding to job-housing mismatches in topographically complex cities. By linking spatial distribution with real commuting behavior, the approach bridges the gap between urban form and function—providing a nuanced lens for understanding how infrastructure, land use, and daily mobility interact. This research positions Chongqing as a model for examining job-housing relationships in mountainous cities, where traditional urban models are often insufficient. Through a fusion of static land-use mapping and dynamic flow analysis, it uncovers how spatial planning and transit investment can be better aligned to promote functional balance, commuting efficiency, and overall urban resilience. As other cities with challenging geographies expand their transit systems, these insights provide a foundation for more equitable and adaptable urban design. |
| Key words: Occupational and residential spatial differentiation job-housing separation multi-source spatiotemporal data commuting |
