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| 适应现代社会的城市宜居性研究进展及展望 |
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史军,孟琦,崔林丽,沈钟平
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1.上海市生态气象和卫星遥感中心;2.上海应用技术大学化学与环境工程学院
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| 摘要: |
| 城市宜居性是一个跨学科、综合的、多维度、动态发展的概念，它对国土空间规划、区域协调发展、生态环境保护、城市更新改造等具有重要的科学意义和参考价值。本文首先综述了城市宜居性在概念和内涵、评价指标体系、评价数据资料、评价技术方法这四个方面的最新研究进展，然后针对目前研究中存在的不足，提出了今后城市宜居性研究需要关注的重点，包括满足社区（街道）尺度的精细化评估、服务于现代城市治理的策略措施制定以及面向城市群及未来情景的模拟和预测。 |
| 关键词: 城市宜居性 指标体系 数据资料 技术方法 研究进展 展望 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:F205 |
| 基金项目:中国气象局气候变化专题项目(QBZ202412)；国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3805304-1)和风云卫星先行计划(FY-APP-2024.0201) |
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| Research progress and prospect of urban livability adapted to modern society |
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SHI Jun1, Meng Qi2, Cui Linli3, Shen Zhongping3
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1.Shanghai Ecological Forecasting and Remote Sensing Center, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau;2.School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University of Applied Technology;3.Shanghai Ecological Meteorology and Satellite Remote Sensing Center
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| Abstract: |
| Urban livability is a comprehensive, multi-dimensional and dynamic development concept, which has important scientific significance and reference value for national space planning, regional coordinated development, ecological environment protection and urban renewal and transformation. In today's society, cities, as important carriers for people's lives and development, their livability and level of civilization are directly related to the quality of life and happiness of residents. Research by scholars at home and abroad on the urban livability mainly focuses on aspects such as definition, evaluation index system, evaluation methods and development strategies. This paper first reviews the latest research progress of urban livability in four aspects: concept and connotation, evaluation index system, evaluation data and materials, and evaluation technology. The concepts and connotations of urban livability discussed in existing literature vary due to the priority levels of different concerns, and there is still a lack of consensus at present. Many scholars have established various evaluation index systems based on different research purposes, regions and scales. However, it is still impossible to determine which index system is the best at present. There is no index system for evaluating the urban livability that has been unanimously recognized. Due to data limitations, the early evaluation of urban livability relies heavily on a series of statistical data, including statistical yearbooks, urban development reports, and environmental bulletins, etc., and the evaluation based on these data has inherent limitations in terms of update speed, accuracy, and comprehensiveness, making it difficult to meet the needs of timely decision-making and precise management. In terms of methods, subjective evaluation methods are easily influenced by factors such as the educational level, life experience, and personality of the surveyed individuals, so the results obtained are usually regarded as discrete and have low credibility, and their conclusions may be difficult to explain or lose objectivity. Objective methods overly rely on objective indicators and neglect to evaluate the feelings and expectations of local residents towards life, making it difficult to reflect the needs of the evaluation subject, that is, people. Then, in view of the shortcomings of current research, this paper puts forward the focus of future urban livability research, including the refined assessment of livability at the community (street) scale, the formulation of strategic measures serving modern urban governance, as well as the simulation and prediction of urban agglomerations and future scenarios. So far, most studies have focused on the urban or regional scale, with less attention paid to the livability of more refined spatial scales, such as residential communities. With the rapid development of the social economy and the increasing frequency, severity and duration of global public health emergencies, communities have become the main places where people live and work. Therefore, the evaluation of the livability of communities (streets) at the micro scale is more urgently needed. The unique community form in our country also lays the foundation for developing the latest and comprehensive framework of livability evaluation methods at the scale of individual communities (streets). Strengthening the evaluation of the livability of communities (streets) is expected to capture the local environment, bridge the gap between theoretical concepts and practical implementation, and formulate more effective and region-specific regulations and policies to enhance the livability of communities. Although the existing livability evaluation can provide objective indicators and data of urban living environment, pure evaluation often fails to reveal the inherent contradictions existing in current urban governance, nor can it help decision-makers solve the challenges they are facing. It is necessary to comprehensively apply knowledge and methods from different disciplines such as urban planning, sociology, and environmental science to evaluate the livability of a city from multiple dimensions and disciplines. Moreover, objective livability assessment should be combined with qualitative research (such as on-site interviews, etc.) to gain a deep understanding of the complexity of urban governance, thereby providing decision-making measure support for modern urban governance and nature-based solutions (NbS) to assist urban planning and construction, and avoiding excessive simplification or one-size-fits-all approaches. Finally, with the expansion and development of cities, the relationships among them have become increasingly close. Urban agglomerations have become important carriers for the high-quality development of regional economies, and population and industries are gradually concentrating in urban agglomerations. The current evaluation of the livability of a single city can no longer be content with providing long-term guidance and macroscopic grasp for the improvement of the regional living environment. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out quantitative simulation of the livability of urban agglomerations, providing targeted services for the optimization of regional territorial space patterns and the coordinated development of population, resources and environment, and offering references for large, medium and small cities in urban agglomerations to accurately position themselves and help them recognize their advantages and disadvantages. Meanwhile, due to the limitations of model simulation capabilities, factor influence mechanisms, and future scenario data, existing studies have failed to provide livability predictions for long sequences. In the future, data such as climate change projections, urban and rural population predictions, and urban land predictions can be integrated, and methods like statistical models and deep learning can be utilized to provide long-term predictions and simulations of the livability of urban agglomerations. |
| Key words: urban livability index system data and materials technical methods research progress prospect |
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