| 摘要: |
| 在推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的背景下，社区食堂作为践行“人民城市人民建”理念的关键性空间载体，正成为破解超大城市基层治理难题、实现空间资源公平配置的创新实践。本研究以北京市城六区为研究对象，构建从需求认知到空间诊断再到策略生成的闭环分析框架，系统评估社区食堂的空间品质与居民满意度之间的关系。研究基于539份问卷调查数据，选取30个典型样本点，通过偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）、变量投影重要性分析（VIP）与随机森林（RF）等方法识别关键空间影响因素。研究发现：（1）功能认知与行为选择存在显著人群差异，老年群体更重视供餐便捷性，中青年更偏好社交与效率；（2）交通可达性与环境感知共同影响就餐方式选择；（3）价格认知在不同收入群体中呈现结构性分层；（4）满意度主要受卫生状况、居住人口密度、荤素搭配与配送费等因素影响。建议提升外部空间环境质量、缓解结构性服务压力、优化菜品营养结构供给、构建分层定价机制及优化交通与感知环境。本研究对推动社区食堂建设从普惠型向精准型转型，实现人民城市建设理念在微观空间层面的落实有重要意义。 |
| 关键词: 人民城市 社区食堂 空间品质评估 优化策略 空间正义 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU984 |
| 基金项目:*北京市社会科学基金项目（24SRB009） |
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| Spatial Quality Assessment and Optimization of Community Cafeterias under the People-Centered City Concept: A Case Study of the Six Central Districts of Beijing |
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YangZhen, shifangzhou, Sunli, limeiqi, liuziru, baojingyi
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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| Abstract: |
| In the context of advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, community canteens have emerged as a key spatial platform for implementing the concept of a ‘People’s City built by the people,’ serving as an innovative practice to address grassroots governance challenges in megacities and to promote the equitable allocation of spatial resources.” This study takes the six central districts of Beijing as its case area. These districts are characterized by extremely high population density, pronounced population aging, and acute spatial resource constraints, thereby providing a representative reflection of the structural dilemmas faced by high-density urban areas in China. Against this background, the study establishes a closed-loop analytical framework that progresses from demand cognition to spatial diagnosis and finally to strategy generation. The aim is to integrate residents’ subjective perceptions with objective spatial indicators, systematically evaluate the relationship between the spatial quality of community canteens and resident satisfaction, and provide actionable recommendations for the planning and design of such facilities.The empirical analysis is based on 539 valid questionnaires and 30 representative sample sites, supplemented with literature review and field investigations. On this basis, an evaluation system was developed covering seven dimensions—land use, surrounding spatial environment, internal environment, palatability, economic affordability, accessibility, and service quality—with a total of 24 measurable indicators. Methodologically, the study first employed Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) to extract latent factors and to address potential multicollinearity within the indicator system. It then applied Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) analysis to identify those spatial factors with significant explanatory power. Finally, a Random Forest (RF) model was introduced to calculate and rank the relative importance of the key factors filtered by VIP analysis, thus enabling a more nuanced understanding of the hierarchical contribution of different variables to satisfaction outcomes.The research yields several significant findings. First, functional cognition and behavioral choices vary markedly among demographic groups. Elderly residents attach greater importance to the convenience of meal provision, reflecting their limited mobility and higher reliance on proximate services, whereas younger and middle-aged groups place more emphasis on social interaction, efficiency, and the role of canteens in community life. Second, accessibility and environmental perception jointly shape residents’ dining choices. Shorter walking distances and higher satisfaction with accessibility substantially increase the likelihood of choosing on-site dining, while negative environmental perceptions reduce willingness to stay and foster reliance on takeaway services. Third, perceptions of price demonstrate structured stratification across income groups. Middle-income residents exhibit the highest levels of satisfaction with both meal pricing and delivery fees, whereas lower-income residents are most sensitive to cost burdens and higher-income residents report declining satisfaction due to unmet expectations of quality and variety. Fourth, overall satisfaction is primarily determined by sanitation conditions, residential population density, the balance of meat and vegetables in meals, and delivery fees. Sanitation emerged as the single strongest predictor, while population density was found to influence perceived congestion, waiting times, and overall dining comfort.Building upon these findings, the study proposes five targeted strategies for optimizing the spatial quality and service equity of community canteens. (i) Enhancing external spatial environments to consolidate the foundation of satisfaction, with a focus on sanitation management, visual perception, and micro-scale spatial order. (ii) Alleviating structural service pressure in densely populated neighborhoods by adopting measures such as embedded service points, appointment-based dining mechanisms, and micro-space reutilization. (iii) Optimizing nutritional meal structures to meet the dietary and health needs of key demographic groups, particularly the elderly, through the provision of balanced menus and culturally resonant meal options. (iv) Establishing tiered pricing mechanisms that respond to the differentiated affordability of income groups, combining baseline meal pricing for vulnerable populations with quality-enhanced options for higher-income residents. (v) Improving accessibility and perceptual environments to ensure equitable use rights for specific groups, especially older adults and those with mobility challenges, through enhanced transport connectivity and elderly-friendly spatial design.In conclusion, this research contributes both theoretically and practically to the advancement of community canteen development. It highlights the necessity of moving from a universal, one-size-fits-all model toward a precision-oriented and demand-responsive model of service provision. More importantly, it demonstrates how the guiding concept of the People’s City can be translated into concrete interventions at the micro-spatial level, thereby promoting social equity, improving resident satisfaction, and providing replicable insights for other high-density urban contexts in China. |
| Key words: People-Centered City Community Cafeterias Spatial Quality Assessment Optimization Strategies Spatial Justice |
